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. 2019 Jul 18;14:5449–5475. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S213883

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Keratinocyte proliferation in response to treatment with LMWP-GFs, QCN-NE, and OXY-PFOB-NE. Relative keratinocyte (HaCaT cells) proliferation after 24 h incubation with either (A) LMWP-GFs (***P<0.001 compared to the control group; ###P<0.001 compared to LMWP-GFs), (B) QCN (***P<0.001 compared to the control group; ###P<0.001 compared to QCN [1 µg/mL]; $$$P<0.001 compared to QCN [10 µg/mL]), (C) OXY-PFOB-NE (**P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared to the control group; #P<0.05 compared to OXY-PFOB-NE [30 µg/mL]) alone, or (D) all combined. ***P<0.001 compared to the control group. ###P<0.001 compared to all LMWP-GFs, QCN, and OXY-PFOB-NE combined (LMWP-EGF [500 ng/mL] + LMWP-IGF-I [500 ng/mL] + LMWP-PDGF-A [10 ng/mL] + LMWP-bFGF [10 ng/mL] + QCN [0.1 µg/mL] + OXY-PFOB-NE [30 µg/mL]).

Notes: Cell viability was measured using WST-1 and the growth of HaCaT cells compared to the control group. All data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n=6).

Abbreviations: LMWP, low-molecular-weight protamine; GFs, growth factors; LMWP-GFs, LMWP-fused GFs; EGF, epidermal growth factor; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; PDGF-A, platelet-derived growth factor-A; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; LMWP-EGF, LMWP-fused EGF; LMWP-IGF-I, LMWP-fused IGF-I; LMWP-PDGF-A, LMWP-fused PDGF-A; LMWP-bFGF, LMWP-fused bFGF; QCN, quercetin; PFOB, 1-bromoperfluorooctane; NE, nanoemulsion; OXY-PFOB-NE, oxygen-carrying PFOB-loaded NE.