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. 2019 Jul 18;14:5449–5475. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S213883

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© 2019 Jee et al.

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

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Collagen synthesis in response to treatment with LMWP-GFs, QCN-NE, and OXY-PFOB-NE. Synthesis of procollagen type I C-peptide in CCD-986sk cells after 24 h incubation with either LMWP-GFs, QCN, OXY-PFOB-NE alone, or all combined.

Notes: All data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n=6). ***P<0.001 compared to the control group. ###P<0.001 compared to all LMWP-GFs, QCN, and OXY-PFOB-NE combined (LMWP-EGF [500 ng/mL] + LMWP-IGF-I [500 ng/mL] + LMWP-PDGF-A [10 ng/mL] + LMWP-bFGF [10 ng/mL] + QCN [0.1 µg/mL] + OXY-PFOB-NE [30 µg/mL]).

Abbreviations: GFs, growth factors; LMWP, low-molecular-weight protamine; LMWP-GFs, LMWP-fused GFs; EGF, epidermal growth factor; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; PDGF-A, platelet-derived growth factor-A; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; LMWP-EGF, LMWP-fused EGF; LMWP-IGF-I, LMWP-fused IGF-I; LMWP-PDGF-A, LMWP-fused PDGF-A; LMWP-bFGF, LMWP-fused bFGF; QCN, quercetin; NE, nanoemulsion; QCN-NE, QCN-loaded NE; PFOB, 1-bromoperfluorooctane; OXY-PFOB-NE, oxygen-carrying PFOB-loaded NE.