Skip to main content
. 2019 Jul 18;14:5449–5475. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S213883

Figure 7.

Figure 7

In vitro scratch-wound healing in keratinocytes following treatment with LMWP-GFs, QCN-NE, and OXY-PFOB-NE. (A) Relative scratch-wound recovery of HaCaT cells at 10 h. (B) Time-course showing relative scratch-wound recovery. (C) Representative microscopic images of HaCaT cell scratch-wounds at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after incubation with serum-free medium (control) or Carbopol hydrogel containing either LMWP-GFs, QCN-NE, OXY-PFOB-NE alone, or all combined.

Notes: All data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n=6). ***P<0.001 compared to the control group. #P<0.05, ###P<0.001 compared to all LMWP-GFs, QCN-NE, and OXY-PFOB-NE combined (LMWP-EGF [500 ng/mL] + LMWP-IGF-I [500 ng/mL] + LMWP-PDGF-A [10 ng/mL] + LMWP-bFGF [10 ng/mL] + QCN-NE [0.1 µg/mL QCN] + OXY-PFOB-NE [30 µg/mL]). The scale bar in (C) equals 300 µm.

Abbreviations: LMWP, low-molecular-weight protamine; GFs, growth factors; LMWP-GFs, LMWP-fused GFs; EGF, epidermal growth factor; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; PDGF-A, platelet-derived growth factor-A; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; LMWP-EGF, LMWP-fused EGF; LMWP-IGF-I, LMWP-fused IGF-I; LMWP-PDGF-A, LMWP-fused PDGF-A; LMWP-bFGF, LMWP-fused bFGF; QCN, quercetin; NE, nanoemulsion; QCN-NE, QCN-loaded NE; PFOB, 1-bromoperfluorooctane; OXY-PFOB-NE, oxygen-carrying PFOB-loaded NE.