. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 23.

Published in final edited form as: J Endocrinol. 2017 Jul 4;234(3):301–313. doi: 10.1530/JOE-17-0015

Table 3.

Litter characteristics of in utero environment (maternal vitamin D deficiency) groups.

Parameter	VDS	VDD	P Value
Pups per litter^a (mean ± s.e.m.)	7.8 ± 0.4	7.3 ± 0.7	0.37
Male (%)	53	55	0.93
a/a (%)	48.2	47.9	0.81
A^vy/a (%)^b	51.7	52.1	0.85
Gestation length (d)^a	20.2	19.9	0.73

Together, the lack of difference in litter size and gestation length demonstrate that VDD dams did not demonstrate dystocia or birthing difficulty (i.e. calcium-dependent processes were not disrupted)

represents full range of coat colors that span from pseudo-agouti to yellow. In the current study, only yellow male offspring were examined. a/a, non-agouti (c57BL/6); A^vy/a, viable yellow agouti; VDD, vitamin D deficient; VDS, vitamin D sufficient.