Fig. 4.

BDNF production and localisation is normalised by losartan in diabetic rats. (a–f) Representative blot (a) and quantification of protein levels of proBDNF (b), mBDNF (c) and cleavage enzymes (d–f) in the hippocampus of control (non-diabetic) rats, vehicle-treated diabetic rats (DM) and losartan-treated diabetic rats (DM+LOS). Data are presented as fold change vs control, which was set as 1. Ponceau S total protein staining was used as loading control (for a representative example of Ponceau S-stained membranes, see ESM Fig. 3b). (g) Triple immunofluorescence staining showing BDNF, GFAP-positive astrocytes and Iba1-positive microglia in the brain. Arrowheads in inserts indicate astrocytes with BDNF immunopositivity. Representative images of coronal brain sections of the dentate gyrus from three rats (representing each group) are shown. Scale bar, 200 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6–8/group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs control rats; ^†p < 0.05 and ^†††p < 0.001 vs DM