Table 2.
Isolated bacteria by intervention group
| No oral switch (n = 238) | Oral switch (n = 111) | All (n = 349) | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Negative | 129 | 54% | 76 | 69% | 205 | 59% | 0.024 |
| Gram-negative | 72 | 30% | 17 | 15% | 0.027 | ||
| Enterobacter spp. | 23 | 10% | 4 | 4% | 16 | 5% | 0.139 |
| Multisusceptible | 7 | 4 | 11 | ||||
| ESBL-producing | 16 | 0 | 16 | ||||
| Escherichia coli | 14 | 6% | 4 | 4% | 18 | 5% | 0.531 |
| Multisusceptible | 14 | 4 | 18 | ||||
| Klebsiella spp. | 12 | 5% | 3 | 3% | 15 | 4% | 0.468 |
| Multisusceptible | 4 | 3 | 7 | ||||
| Carbapenemase-producing | 8 | 0 | 8 | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 11 | 5% | 2 | 2% | 13 | 4% | 0.332 |
| Multisusceptible | 11 | 2 | 13 | ||||
| Serratia spp. | 6 | 3% | 1 | 1% | 7 | 2% | 0.449 |
| Multisusceptible | 6 | 1 | 7 | ||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 0 | 0% | 1 | 1% | 1 | 0% | – |
| Proteus spp. | 1 | 0% | 1 | 1% | 2 | 1% | 0.433 |
| Multisusceptible | 1 | 0% | 1 | 1% | 2 | ||
| Burkholderia cepacia | 2 | 1% | 0 | 0% | 2 | 1% | – |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | 1 | 0% | 1 | 1% | 2 | 1% | 0.433 |
| Citrobacter spp. | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% | – |
| Haemophilus spp. | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 0.433 |
| Gram-positive | 26 | 11% | 15 | 14% | 0.027 | ||
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 1 | 0% | 1 | 1% | 2 | 1% | 0.433 |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% | – |
| CN Staphylococcus | 0 | 0% | 1 | 1% | 1 | 0% | 0.433 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 14 | 6% | 6 | 5% | 20 | 6% | 0.372 |
| MSSA | 5 | 2% | 3 | 3% | 8 | 2% | |
| MRSA | 9 | 4% | 3 | 3% | 12 | 3% | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 4 | 2% | 4 | 4% | 8 | 2% | 0.097 |
| Enterococcus spp. | 4 | 2% | 1 | 1% | 4 | 1% | 0.403 |
| Streptococcus spp. | 1 | 0% | 1 | 1% | 2 | 1% | 0.433 |
| Others | |||||||
| Pneumocystis jirovecii | 0 | 0% | 1 | 1% | 1 | 0% | – |
| Candida albicans | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% | – |
| Polymicrobial | 2 | 1% | 0 | 0% | 2 | 1% | – |
| Total | 238 | 100% | 110 | 100% | 348 | ||
ESBL Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, MSSA Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CN Coagulase negative