Table 2.
Characteristics of cases treated for TB disease by age group (n = 182,890)
| Characteristics | All N = 182890 |
Children (<10 years) N = 18259 |
Young Adolescents (10–14 years) N = 2032 |
Older Adolescents (15–19 years) N = 3931 |
Young Adults (20–24 years) N = 11686 |
Adults (25–49 years) N = 123363 |
Older Adults (≥50 years) N = 23619 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District in Gauteng | Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality | 64304 (35.16%) | 6110 (33.46%) | 832 (40.94%) | 1585 (40.32%) | 4310 (36.88%) | 42575 (34.51%) | 8892 (37.65%) |
| City of Johannesburg | 118586 (64.85%) | 12149 (66.54%) | 1200 (59.06%) | 2346 (59.68%) | 7376 (63.12%) | 80788 (65.49%) | 14727 (62.35%) | |
| Registration year | 2010 | 32704 (17.88%) | 3126 (17.12%) | 367 (18.06%) | 726 (18.47%) | 2322 (19.87%) | 23333 (18.10%) | 3830 (16.22%) |
| 2011 | 31999 (17.50%) | 3460 (18.95%) | 393 (19.34%) | 676 (17.20%) | 2108 (18.04%) | 21508 (17.43%) | 3854 (16.32%) | |
| 2012 | 30844 (16.86%) | 3258 (17.84%) | 400 (19.69%) | 672 (17.09%) | 1927 (16.49%) | 20822 (16.88%) | 3765 (15.94%) | |
| 2013 | 30872 (16.88%) | 3302 (18.08%) | 310 (15.26%) | 659 (16.76%) | 1891 (16.18%) | 20608 (16.71%) | 4102 (17.37%) | |
| 2014 | 29506 (16.13%) | 2585 (14.16%) | 264 (12.99%) | 597 (15.19%) | 1857 (15.89%) | 20065 (16.27%) | 4138 (17.52%) | |
| 2015 | 26965 (14.74%) | 2528 (13.85%) | 298 (14.67%) | 601 (15.29%) | 1581 (13.53%) | 18027 (14.61%) | 3930 (16.64%) | |
| Sex | Female | 82341 (45.02%) | 8875 (48.61%) | 1069 (52.61%) | 2379 (60.52%) | 7070 (60.50%) | 54312 (44.03%) | 8636 (36.56%) |
| Case definitiona | Bacteriologically confirmed | 126360 (69.09%) | 1265 (6.93%) | 1130 (55.61%) | 3086 (78.50%) | 9247 (79.13%) | 94042 (76.23%) | 17590 (74.47%) |
| Clinically diagnosed | 29658 (16.22%) | 9309 (50.98%) | 467 (22.98%) | 418 (10.63%) | 1224 (10.47%) | 15126 (12.26%) | 3114 (13.18%) | |
| Missing/Unknown | 26872 (14.69%) | 7685 (42.09%) | 435 (21.41%) | 427 (10.86%) | 1215 (10.40%) | 14195 (11.51%) | 2915 (12.34%) | |
| Full case definition | Xpert MTB/RIF | 28482 (15.57%) | 239 (1.31%) | 188 (9.25%) | 694 (17.65%) | 1929 (16.51%) | 20959 (16.99%) | 4473 (18.94%) |
| Smear microscopy | 87192 (47.67%) | 763 (4.18%) | 810 (39.86%) | 2195 (55.84%) | 6642 (56.84%) | 65102 (52.77%) | 11680 (49.45%) | |
| Culture | 5638 (3.08%) | 45 (0.25%) | 53 (2.61%) | 97 (2.47%) | 356 (3.05%) | 4282 (3.47%) | 805 (3.41%) | |
| Aspiration/biopsy, lab method unknown | 3923 (2.15%) | 146 (0.80%) | 60 (2.95%) | 80 (2.04%) | 251 (2.15%) | 2901 (2.35%) | 485 (2.05%) | |
| CSF, lab method unknown | 1125 (0.62%) | 72 (0.39%) | 19 (0.94%) | 20 (0.51%) | 69 (0.59%) | 798 (0.65%) | 147 (0.62%) | |
| X-ray | 23720 (12.97%) | 3600 (19.72%) | 398 (19.59%) | 411 (10.46%) | 1213 (10.38%) | 15033 (12.16%) | 3095 (13.10%) | |
| Tuberculin skin test (TST) | 5938 (3.25%) | 5709 (31.27%) | 69 (3.40%) | 7 (0.18%) | 11 (0.09%) | 123 (0.10%) | 19 (0.08%) | |
| Missing/Unknown | 26872 (14.69%) | 7685 (42.09%) | 435 (21.41%) | 427 (10.86%) | 1215 (10.40%) | 14195 (11.51%) | 2915 (12.34%) | |
| Cases diagnosed with Xpert MTB/RIF by year | 2010 | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| 2011 | 8 (0.03%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.05%) | 7 (0.03%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| 2012 | 366 (1.19%) | 2 (0.06%) | 1 (0.25%) | 7 (1.045) | 22 (1.14%) | 291 (1.40%) | 43 (1.14%) | |
| 2013 | 2136 (6.92%) | 11 (0.335) | 8 (2.58%) | 49 (7.44%) | 130 (6.87%) | 1603 (7.78%) | 335 (8.17%) | |
| 2014 | 8992 (30.48%) | 81 (3.13%) | 56 (21.21%) | 213 (35.68%) | 629 (33.87%) | 6618 (32.98%) | 1395 (33.71%) | |
| 2015 | 16980 (62.97%) | 145 (5.74%) | 123 (41.28%) | 425 (70.72%) | 1147 (72.55%) | 12440 (69.01%) | 2700 (68.70%) | |
| Patient category | New Patient | 172252 (94.18%) | 18058 (98.90%) | 1957 (96.31%) | 3776 (96.06%) | 11125 (95.20%) | 115272 (93.42%) | 22064 (93.42%) |
| Previously treated | 7459 | 159 | 47 | 113 | 435 | 5650 | 1055 | |
| Relapse | 5227 (2.86%) | 113 (0.62%) | 32 (1.57%) | 66 (1.68%) | 233 (1.99%) | 3993 (3.24%) | 790 (3.34%) | |
| Re-treatment after failure | 810 (0.44%) | 14 (0.08%) | 2 (0.10%) | 18 (0.46%) | 43 (0.37%) | 612 (0.50%) | 121 (0.51%) | |
| Re-treatment after LTFU | 1422 (0.78%) | 32 (0.18%) | 13 (0.64%) | 29 (0.74%) | 159 (1.36%) | 1045 (0.85%) | 144 (0.61%) | |
| Unknown previous TB treatment history | 3179 (1.74%) | 42 (0.23%) | 28 (1.38%) | 42 (1.07%) | 126 (1.08%) | 2441 (1.98%) | 500 (2.12%) | |
| Classification of Disease | Pulmonary TB | 15270 (83.50%) | 17474 (95.70%) | 1606 (79.04%) | 3321 (84.48%) | 9831 (84.13%) | 100842 (81.74%) | 19646 (83.18%) |
| EPTB | 30170 (16.50%) | 785 (4.30%) | 426 (20.96%) | 610 (15.52%) | 1855 (15.87%) | 22521 (18.26%) | 3973 (16.82%) | |
| Smear status at initiation | Positive | 68282 (37.34%) | 301 (1.65%) | 445 (21.90%) | 2003 (50.95%) | 5961 (51.01%) | 50764 (41.15%) | 8808 (37.29%) |
| Negative | 43808 (23.95%) | 612 (3.35%) | 518 (25.49%) | 798 (20.30%) | 2429 (20.79%) | 32827 (26.61%) | 6624 (28.05%) | |
| Missing | 70800 (38.71%) | 17346 (95.00%) | 1069 (52.61%) | 1130 (28.75%) | 3296 (28.20%) | 39772 (32.24%) | 8187 (34.66%) | |
| HIV status | Total Positive | 118326 | 3325 | 1000 | 1386 | 5711 | 93818 | 13086 |
| Positive, on ART | 71421 (39.05%) | 2016 (11.04%) | 643 (31.64%) | 853 (21.70%) | 3084 (26.39%) | 56637 (45.91%) | 8188 (34.67%) | |
| Started prior to TB treatmentb | 215 (0.63%) | 1 (0.12%) | 4 (1.39%) | 3 (0.68%) | 9 (0.62%) | 161 (0.60%) | 37 (0.88%) | |
| Started with/after TB treatmentb | 631 (1.85%) | 7 (0.83%) | 1 (0.35%) | 2 (0.46%) | 28 (0.46%) | 510 (1.89%) | 83 (1.96%) | |
| Start date unknownb | 33346 (97.53%) | 837 (99.05%) | 283 (98.26%) | 433 (98.86%) | 1409 (97.44%) | 26276 (97.51%) | 4108 (97.16%) | |
| Positive, not on ART | 29757 (16.27%) | 693 (3.80%) | 187 (9.20%) | 323 (8.22%) | 1682 (14.39%) | 23784 (19.28%) | 3088 (13.07%) | |
| Positive, ART status unknown | 17148 (9.38%) | 616 (3.37%) | 170 (8.37%) | 210 (5.34%) | 945 (8.09%) | 13397 (10.86%) | 1810 (7.66%) | |
| Negative | 40784 (22.30%) | 10397 (56.94%) | 668 (32.87%) | 1859 (47.29%) | 4283 (36.65%) | 16468 (13.35%) | 7109 (30.10%) | |
| HIV status unknown | 23780 (13.00%) | 4537 (24.85%) | 364 (17.91%) | 686 (17.45%) | 1692 (14.48%) | 13077 (10.60%) | 3424 (14.50%) | |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3)c | ≤100 | 26013 (21.98%) | 279 (8.39%) | 155 (15.50%) | 247 (17.82%) | 1056 (18.49%) | 21790 (23.23%) | 2486 (19.00%) |
| 101–250 | 20433 (17.27%) | 282 (8.48%) | 112 (11.20%) | 219 (15.80%) | 1035 (18.12%) | 16615 (17.71%) | 2170 (16.58%) | |
| 251–350 | 6685 (5.65%) | 109 (3.28%) | 67 (6.70%) | 87 (6.28%) | 407 (7.13%) | 5285 (5.63%) | 730 (5.58%) | |
| 351–500 | 4877 (4.12%) | 129 (3.88%) | 49 (4.90%) | 61 (4.40%) | 349 (6.11%) | 3765 (4.01%) | 524 (4.00%) | |
| >500 | 3304 (2.79%) | 256 (7.70%) | 42 (4.20%) | 59 (4.26%) | 247 (4.32%) | 2311 (2.46%) | 389 (2.97%) | |
| Missing | 57014 (48.18%) | 2270 (68.27%) | 575 (57.50%) | 713 (51.44%) | 2617 (45.82%) | 44052 (46.95%) | 6787 (51.86%) | |
| Median (IQR) | 125 (51–248) | 226 (90–494) | 160 (42–328) | 160 (54–300) | 164 (69–306) | 120 (50–237) | 134 (59–259) | |
| Started on cotrimoxazole prophylaxisc | Yes | 93554 (79.06%) | 2452 (73.74%) | 767 (76.70%) | 1078 (77.78%) | 4319 (75.63%) | 74543 (79.45%) | 10395 (79.44%) |
| No | 14772 (12.48%) | 468 (14.08%) | 132 (13.20%) | 184 (13.28%) | 824 (14.43%) | 11535 (12.30%) | 1629 (12.45%) | |
| Missing/unknown | 10000 (8.45%) | 405 (12.18%) | 101 (10.10%) | 124 (8.95%) | 568 (9.95%) | 7740 (8.25%) | 1062 (8.12%) | |
| Treatment regimen | Regimen 1 (2 RHZE/4 RH) | 157206 (85.96%) | 2015 (11.04%) | 1880 (92.52%) | 3788 (96.36%) | 11160 (95.50%) | 116128 (94.14%) | 22235 (94.14%) |
| Regimen 2 (2 RHZES/1 HRZE/5 HRE) | 9364 (5.12%) | 55 (0.30%) | 68 (3.35%) | 139 (3.54%) | 523 (4.48%) | 7198 (5.83%) | 1381 (5.85%) | |
| Regimen 3 (2 RHZE / 4 RH)d | 16312 (8.92%) | 16185 (88.64%) | 83 (4.08%) | 3 (0.08%) | 3 (0.03%) | 35 (0.03%) | 3 (0.01%) | |
| Other | 8 (0.00%) | 4 (0.02%) | 1 (0.05%) | 1 (0.03%) | 0 | 2 (0.00%) | 0 | |
| Treatment supervision (Intensive Phase) | Yes | 29170 (15.95%) | 1708 (14.38%) | 302 (14.86%) | 622 (15.82%) | 2012 (17.22%) | 20277 (16.44%) | 3249 (13.76%) |
| No | 129116 (70.60%) | 13478 (73.82%) | 1457 (71.70%) | 2740 (69.70%) | 8143 (69.68%) | 86550 (70.16%) | 16748 (70.91%) | |
| Missing | 24604 (13.45%) | 2073 (11.35%) | 273 (13.44%) | 569 (14.47%) | 1531 (13.10%) | 16536 (13.40%) | 3622 (15.34%) | |
| Treatment supervision (Continuation Phase) | Yes | 7722 (4.22%) | 946 (5.18%) | 104 (5.12%) | 157 (3.99%) | 511 (4.37%) | 5211 (4.22%) | 793 (3.36%) |
| No | 150564 (82.32%) | 15240 (83.47%) | 1655 (81.45%) | 3205 (81.53%) | 9644 (82.53%) | 101616 (82.37%) | 19204 (81.31%) | |
| Missing | 24604 (13.45%) | 2073 (11.35%) | 273 (13.44%) | 569 (14.47%) | 1531 (13.10%) | 16536 (13.40%) | 3622 (15.34%) | |
| Smear conversion at 2 monthse | Yes | 22476 (68.66%) | 84 (64.12%) | 163 (71.49%) | 706 (68.08%) | 2055 (70.09%) | 16725 (68.91%) | 2743 (66.27%) |
| No | 10261 (31.34%) | 47 (35.88%) | 65 (28.51%) | 331 (31.92%) | 877 (29.91%) | 7545 (31.09%) | 1396 (33.73%) | |
| N/A (Not smear positive at baseline or < 2 available smears) | 150153 | 18128 | 1804 | 2894 | 8754 | 99093 | 19480 | |
| Any smear conversionf | Yes | 56628 (93.3%) | 251 (92.62%) | 393 (96.56%) | 1728 (92.37%) | 4918 (92.61% | 42105 (93.36%) | 7778 (92.99% |
| No | 4069 (6.70%) | 20 (7.38%) | 14 (3.44%) | 103 (5.63%) | 391 (7.36%) | 2996 (6.64%) | 545 (7.01%) | |
| N/A (Not smear positive at baseline or < 2 available smears) | 122193 | 17988 | 1625 | 2100 | 6377 | 78262 | 15841 | |
Xpert MTB/RIF GeneXpert MTB/RIF, CSF cerebral spinal fluid, EPTB extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, LTFU loss to follow-up, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ART antiretroviral therapy, IQR interquartile range, S streptomycin, R rifampicin, H isoniazid, Z pyrazinamide, E ethambutol
aBacteriologically confirmed includes Xpert MTB/RIF, smear, or culture (and if aspiration/biopsy or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was listed, although the corresponding laboratory method was unknown). Clinically diagnosed includes X-ray and tuberculin skin test
bART start date only reported for patients who initiated TB treatment in 2014 or 2015
cReported for HIV positive patients only
dRegimen 3, for children <8 years and <30 kg with complicated TB disease, is the same as Regimen 1 except that the dosage (mg/day) is reduced
eSmear conversion at two months is two consecutive negative smears at least 30 days apart within two months of treatment initiation. One smear is sent monthly for smear microscopy
fAny smear conversion is two consecutive negative smears at least 30 days apart at any time after treatment initiation. Ascertained at the end of treatment