. 2019 Jul 22;19:970. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7325-9

Table 2.

Child’s stool disposal by selected socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016 (N = 4145)

Background characteristics	Child’s stool disposal practice		Total	Percent	X² (df), P-value
Background characteristics	Safe	Unsafe	Total	Percent	X² (df), P-value
Region
Tigray	88	216	304	7.3	291.9 (10), p-value = 0.000
Affar	10	30	40	1.0
Amhara	261	499	760	18.3
Oromiya	532	1316	1848	44.6
Somali	42	129	171	4.1
Benishangul	22	22	44	1.1
SNNP	508	328	836	20.2
Gambela	3	6	9	0.2
Harari	4	6	10	0.2
Addis Ababa	50	55	105	2.5
Dire Dawa	10	8	18	0.4
Place of residence
Urban	297	201	498	12.0	125.5 (1), p-value = 0.000
Rural	1233	2414	3647	88.0	125.5 (1), p-value = 0.000
Mother educational level
No education	801	1699	2500	60.3	91.3 (3), p-value = 0.000
Primary	535	744	1279	30.9
Secondary	120	134	254	6.1
Higher	74	38	112	2.7
Religion (n = 4144)
Orthodox	502	902	1407	34.0	168.4 (5), p-value = 0.000
Catholic	12	29	41	1.0
Protestant	469	389	858	20.7
Muslin	515	1211	1726	41.7
Traditional	11	59	70	1.7
Other	16	26	42	1.0
Household wealth index (n = 4144)
Poorest	171	740	911	22.0	247.3(4), p-value = 0.000
Poorer	274	629	903	21.8
Middle	381	500	881	21.3
Richer	345	398	743	17.9
Richest	358	348	706	17.0
Listening to radio
Yes	529	601	1130	27.3	65.4(1), p-value = 0.000
No	1001	2014	3015	72.7	65.4(1), p-value = 0.000
Watching television
Yes	417	345	763	18.4	127.4(1), p-value = 0.000
No	1112	2270	3382	81.6	127.4(1), p-value = 0.000
Reading the newspaper or magazine
Yes	160	125	285	6.9	48.5(1), p-value = 0.000
No	1370	2490	3860	93.1	48.5(1), p-value = 0.000
Sex of child (n = 4144)
Male	697	1283	1980	47.8	4.6(1), p-value = 0.039
Female	832	1332	2164	52.2	4.6(1), p-value = 0.039
Diarrhea in the last two weeks (n = 4129)
Yes	305	365	670	16.2	25.0(1), p-value = 0.000
No	1222	2237	3459	83.8	25.0(1), p-value = 0.000
Toilet facility
Improved^a	216	203	419	10.1	42.8(1), p-value = 0.000
Unimproved	1314	2412	3726	89.9	42.8(1), p-value = 0.000
Source of drinking water
Improved^b	966	1364	2330	56.2	47.5(1), p-value = 0.000
Unimproved	563	1251	1815	43.8	47.5(1), p-value = 0.000
Age of the child (n = 4144)
0–5 months	356	831	1187	28.6	36.6(3), p-value = 0.000
6–11 months	438	621	1059	25.6
12–17 months	412	672	1084	26.2
18–23 months	323	491	814	19.6
Mother’s age
15–24	373	842	1215	29.3	28.8(2), p-value = 0.000
25–34	839	1267	2106	50.8
> 34	318	506	824	19.9

^aFacilities that would be considered improved if they were not shared by two or more households

^bInclude piped water, public taps, standpipes, tube wells, boreholes, protected dug wells and springs, rainwater and bottled water