Table 3.
Multiple logistic regression models predicting high-symptom trajectories of hyperactivity–impulsivity and inattention
| Predictors | Hyperactivity–impulsivity | Inattention | Hyperactivity–impulsivity and inattention | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Sex of the child (male), no (%) | 4.32 (3.04–6.15) | 4.32 (3.05–6.10) | 2.56 (1.82–3.60) | 2.66 (1.90–3.72) | 4.63 (2.85–7.52) | 4.78 (2.97–7.69) |
| IQ of the child, mean (SD) | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 1.0 (0.90–1.11) | 0.84 (0.80–0.86) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 0.86 (0.80–0.92) |
| Difficult temperament, mean (SD) | 1.19 (1.08–1.32) | 1.21 (1.09–1.33) | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) | 0.85 (0.79–0.91) | ||
| Prenatal and perinatal factors | ||||||
| Premature birth, no (%) | 1.64 (0.78–3.48) | 1.34 (0.61–2.93) | ||||
| Low birthweight, no (%) | ||||||
| Prenatal tobacco exposure, no (%) | 1.21 (0.80–1.81) | 0.71 (0.46–1.09) | 0.78 (0.45–1.33) | |||
| Prenatal alcohol exposure, no (%) | 2.60 (1.18–5.72) | 2.49 (1.67–5.33) | 1.42 (0.59–3.39) | 2.38 (0.88–6.39) | ||
| Prenatal street drug exposure, no (%) | 1.36 (0.35–5.38) | 3.87 (1.04–14.45) | 3.80 (1.08–13.35) | 2.06 (0.43–9.87) | ||
| Perinatal social factors | ||||||
| Non-intact family, no (%) | 1.42 (0.89–2.23) | 1.55 (1.01–2.39) | 1.0 (0.63–1.60) | 1.45 (0.83–2.54) | ||
| Insufficient income, no (%) | 0.64 (0.40–1.05) | 1.0 (0.63–1.57) | 0.53 (0.29–0.98) | |||
| Early motherhood (≤ 21-years), no (%) | 1.28 (0.82–1.99) | 1.73 (1.12–3.66) | 1.69 (1.14–2.52) | 1.49 (0.88–5.39) | ||
| Low maternal education, no (%) | 2.05 (1.22–3.42) | 2.34 (1.49–3.68) | 1.89 (1.14–3.15) | 1.69 (1.05–2.72) | 2.97 (1.63–5.39) | 3.04 (1.18–5.06) |
| Low paternal education, no (%) | 1.09 (0.67–1.76) | 0.87 (0.54–1.41) | 1.21 (0.68–2.18) | |||
| Postnatal family factors | ||||||
| Family dysfunction, mean (SD) | 0.90 (0.79–1.04) | 1.0 (0.87–1.35) | ||||
| Hostile–reactive parenting, mean (SD) | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | ||||
| Over protection, mean (SD) | 1.02 (0.94–1.19) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | ||||
| Consequential parenting, mean (SD) | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | 0.99 (0.87–1.11) | 0.98 (0.84–1.44) | |||
| Parental self-efficacy, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Perceived parental impact, mean (SD) | 0.93 (0.81–1.05) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | |||
| Mother–child interaction, mean (SD) | 1.19 (0.91–1.54) | |||||
| Parental psychopathology | ||||||
| Maternal adolescent antisocial behavior, mean (SD) | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | ||||
| Paternal adolescent antisocial behavior, mean (SD) | 1.09 (0.91–1.29) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) | 1.08 (0.87–1.34) | |||
| Maternal depression, mean (SD) | 1.25 (1.09–1.44) | 1.24 (1.10–1.41) | 1.19 (1.03–1.38) | 1.19 (1.05–1.35) | 1.31 (1.11–1.56) | 1.31 (1.14–1.53) |
| Paternal depression, mean (SD) | 1.11 (0.92–1.33) | 1.04 (0.82–1.32) | ||||
Predictors significant at the 0.05 level are indicated in bold
OR odds ratio