Table 2.

The three ways to edit genomes used in the Genius project (after Peter Rogowsky, “Crop plants with improved culture and quality traits for food, feed and other uses”, 28. June 2018)

Genome editing type	Description	Successful establishment by Genius
SDN1 (site-directed nuclease 1)	Targeted mutagenesis yields a mutation at a predetermined site, but provided no influence on the type of mutation that occurred; this technique is typically used to create knockouts.	12/12
SDN2 (site-directed nuclease 2)	This ‘true’ genome editing allowed the control of both the site, where the edit is to take place, as well as the type of editing that should occur there. The efficiency of SDN2 is currently quite low; there are only a few examples of true SDN2 known to date.	2/12
Base editing	The base editing technique, which appeared over the past few years, is more limited than ‘true’ genome editing, because there are only certain types of edits that can be achieved with this technique. The efficiency, however, is as high as that of SND1.	2/12