Table 1.
Baseline demographics, self-reported mental health, smoking history, and behavior of participants in the Mindset Intervention for Nicotine Dependence study for the intention-to-treat sample.
| Characteristics | Total (N=398) | Control (n=199) | Intervention (n=199) | P valuea | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 42.0 (12.3) | 42.0 (12.5) | 42.1 (12.0) | .88 | |
| Male, n (%) | 165 (41) | 84 (42) | 81 (41) | .84 | |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 309 (79) | 157 (79) | 152 (78) | .99 | |
| African American, n (%) | 60 (15) | 32 (16) | 28 (14) | .75 | |
| Asian, n (%) | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 0 (0) | >.99 | |
| Native American or Alaska Native, n (%) | 3 (1) | 1 (<1) | 2 (1) | .98 | |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, n (%) | 1 (<1) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) | .99 | |
| More than 1 race, n (%) | 19 (5) | 8 (4) | 11 (6) | .60 | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 45 (11) | 20 (10) | 25 (13) | .53 | |
| Married, n (%) | 125 (31) | 57 (29) | 68 (34) | .28 | |
| Working, n (%) | 195 (49) | 99 (50) | 96 (48) | .84 | |
| High school or less education, n (%) | 156 (39) | 78 (39) | 78 (39) | >.99 | |
| Lesbian, gay, or bisexual, n (%) | 68 (17) | 39 (20) | 29 (15) | .23 | |
| Self-reported mental health, n (%) | |||||
| Anxiety disorder | 146 (37) | 77 (39) | 69 (35) | .47 | |
| Depression | 144 (36) | 76 (38) | 68 (34) | .47 | |
| Bipolar disorder | 56 (14) | 30 (15) | 26 (13) | .67 | |
| Schizophrenia | 9 (2) | 3 (2) | 6 (3) | .50 | |
| Alcohol abuse | 16 (4) | 7 (4) | 9 (5) | .80 | |
| Drug abuse | 24 (6) | 9 (5) | 15 (8) | .29 | |
| No mental health conditions | 199 (50) | 94 (47) | 105 (53) | .32 | |
| Smoking behavior | |||||
| Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score, mean (SD) | 5.84 (2.1) | 5.87 (2.1) | 5.82 (2.0) | .81 | |
| High nicotine dependence, n (%) | 234 (59) | 117 (59) | 117 (59) | >.99 | |
| Cigarettes per day, mean (SD) | 19.0 (16.2) | 19.0 (16.5) | 19.1 (15.9) | .94 | |
| Smokes more than half pack per day, n (%) | 279 (70) | 137 (69) | 142 (71) | .66 | |
| Smokes more than 1 pack per day, n (%) | 84 (12) | 43 (22) | 41 (21) | .90 | |
| Used electronic cigarettes at least once in past month, n (%) | 85 (21) | 37 (19) | 48 (24) | .22 | |
| Quit attempts in the past 12 months, mean (SD) | 1.0 (2.5) | 0.8 (2.0) | 1.1 (2.9) | .33 | |
| Self-efficacy, mean (SD) | 71.6 (22.6) | 75.2 (21.2) | 68.0 (23.4) | .002 | |
| Commitment to quitting, mean (SD) | 4.00 (0.7) | 4.04 (0.7) | 3.96 (0.7) | .31 | |
| Friend and partner smoking | |||||
| Close friends who smoke, mean (SD) | 2.5 (1.8) | 2.5 (1.8) | 2.4 (1.8) | .48 | |
| Number of adults in home who smoke, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.8) | .27 | |
| Living with partner who smokes, n (%) | 136 (34) | 63 (32) | 73 (37) | .34 | |
| Theory-based measures | |||||
| Addiction Mindset Scale score, mean (SD) | 3.33 (0.8) | 3.31 (0.8) | 3.35 (0.8) | .69 | |
aP values are reported for t tests (for continuous variables) and Fisher exact tests (for categorical variables) comparing demographics across groups.