Table 1.
Univariable analysis of independent predictors for hospital mortality among ICU patients at a central referral hospital in Malawi.
| Variables | Hospital Mortality |
Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Survived | Died | ||||||
| N | Mean ± SD, Median (IQR) or No. of patients (%) | N | Mean ± SD, Median (IQR) or No. of patients (%) | N | Mean ± SD, Median (IQR) or No. of patients (%) | |||
| Age, years | 261 | 34.4 ± 15.1 | 103 | 32.6 ± 14.3 | 158 | 35.6 ± 15.6 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | 0.12 |
| Male Sex | 261 | 99 (37.9) | 103 | 32 (31.1) | 158 | 67 (42.4) | 1.63 (0.97, 2.76) | 0.07 |
| ICU Admitting Service | 0.004 | |||||||
| General Surgery | 261 | 112 (42.9) | 103 | 33 (32) | 158 | 79 (50) | Reference | |
| Obstetrics & Gynecology | 261 | 78 (29.9) | 103 | 42 (40.8) | 158 | 36 (22.8) | 0.36 (0.20, 0.65) | |
| Medicine | 261 | 71 (27.2) | 103 | 28 (27.2) | 158 | 43 (27.2) | 0.64 (0.34, 1.20) | |
| Admitted to ICU Postoperatively | 260 | 192 (73.9) | 103 | 76 (73.8) | 157 | 116 (73.9) | 1.01 (0.57, 1.77) | 0.99 |
| Fever (> 38.4C) during ICU Course | 259 | 117 (45.2) | 102 | 34 (33.3) | 157 | 83 (52.9) | 2.24 (1.34, 3.76) | 0.002 |
| Measured at ICU Admission: | ||||||||
| Tachycardia (HR ≥ 100 bpm) | 257 | 198 (77) | 102 | 79 (77.5) | 155 | 119 (76.8) | 0.96 (0.53, 1.75) | 0.90 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 256 | 115.4 ± 31 | 102 | 119.9 ± 30.9 | 154 | 112.4 ± 30.8 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.06 |
| Altered Mental Status | 255 | 212 (83.1) | 100 | 75 (75) | 155 | 137 (88.4) | 2.54 (1.30, 4.95) | 0.006 |
| Presence of Endotracheal Tube | 261 | 151 (57.9) | 103 | 58 (56.3) | 158 | 93 (58.9) | 1.11 (0.67, 1.83) | 0.68 |
| Provision of Tracheostomy | 259 | 12 (4.6) | 102 | 3 (2.9) | 157 | 9 (5.7) | 2.01 (0.53, 7.60) | 0.31 |
| Suspected Infection | 260 | 155 (59.6) | 103 | 59 (57.3) | 157 | 96 (61.2) | 1.17 (0.71, 1.95) | 0.53 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 231 | 9.7 (7.3, 11.5) | 95 | 9.6 (7, 11.6) | 136 | 10 (7.5, 11.4) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | 0.39 |
| HIV Status | 213 | 32 (15) | 86 | 8 (9.3) | 127 | 24 (18.9) | 2.28 (0.97, 5.33) | 0.06 |
| Malaria Status | 186 | 21 (11.3) | 74 | 6 (8.1) | 112 | 15 (13.4) | 1.75 (0.65, 4.75) | 0.27 |
HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HR: Heart Rate; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; IQR: interquartile range; No., N: Number; OR: odds ratio; SD: standard deviation.