Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Any Foot Problem versus No Foot Problem
| Characteristic | Any Foot Problem (n = 90) |
No Foot Problem (n = 27) |
Total (N = 117) |
P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD [years]) | 80.0 ± 8.7 | 76.1 ± 7.5 | 79.1 ± 8.5 | .037 |
| Sex (No. [%]) | .802 | |||
| Female | 72 (80.0) | 21 (77.8) | 93 (79.5) | |
| Male | 18 (20.0) | 6 (22.2) | 24 (20.5) | |
| Race/ethnicity (No. [%]) | .692 | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 71 (78.9) | 20(74.1) | 91 (77.8) | |
| Hispanic white | 4 (4.4) | 1 (3.7) | 5 (4.3) | |
| African American | 3 (3.3) | 0 | 3 (2.6) | |
| Other/refused | 12 (13.3) | 6 (22.2) | 18 (15.4) | |
| Prescriptions (mean ± SD [No.]) | 4.1 ± 3.6 | 3.2 ± 2.3 | 3.9 ± 3.4 | .266 |
| Body mass index (No. [%]) | .533b | |||
| <25 | 32 (35.6) | 12 (44.4) | 44 (37.6) | |
| 25–29.9 | 24 (26.7) | 7 (25.9) | 31 (26.5) | |
| 30–34.9 | 23 (25.6) | 4 (14.8) | 27 (23.1) | |
| ≥35 | 11 (12.2) | 4 (14.8) | 15 (12.8) | |
| Fat (mean ± SD [%]) | 25.5 ± 10.2 | 25.6 ± 10.1 | 25.3 ± 10.1 | .680 |
| Muscle (mean ± SD [%]) | 33.4 ± 4.2 | 32.9 ± 4.6 | 33.3 ± 4.3 | .617 |
| Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score, mean ± SD | 8.4 ± 7.4 | 6.5 ± 5.2 | 8.0 ± 7.0 | .212 |
| Barthel ADL Index, mean ± SD | 94.2 ± 7.7 | 93.7 ± 17.9 | 94.1 ± 10.8 | .817 |
| Mobility-Tiredness Scale score (mean ± SD) | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 4.9 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 1.8 | .257 |
| Falls Efficacy Scale-International score (mean ± SD) | 29.9 ± 11.6 | 23.3 ± 10.2 | 28.4 ± 11.6 | .009 |
| Social activities (No. [%]) | .061b | |||
| 0 | 6 (6.7) | 1 (3.7) | 7 (6.0) | |
| 1–3 | 43 (47.8) | 7 (25.9) | 50 (42.7) | |
| >3 | 37 (41.1) | 16 (59.3) | 53 (45.3) | |
| Missing | 4 (4.4) | 3 (11.1) | 7 (6.0) | |
| Use assistance devices (No. [%]) | .068 | |||
| Cane | 21 (23.3) | 2 (7.4) | 23 (19.7) | |
| Walker | 18 (20.0) | 3 (11.1) | 21 (18.0) | |
| None | 51 (56.7) | 22 (81.5) | 73 (62.4) | |
| Abnormal foot color (No. [%]) | .232 | |||
| Yes | 17 (18.9) | 2 (7.4) | 19 (16.2) | |
| No | 63 (70.0) | 23 (85.2) | 86 (73.5) | |
| Missing | 10 (11.1) | 2 (7.4) | 12 (10.3) | |
| Foot skin condition (No. [%]) | .411 | |||
| Yes | 40 (44.4) | 10 (37.0) | 50 (42.7) | |
| No | 41 (45.6) | 15 (55.6) | 56 (47.9) | |
| Missing | 9 (10.0) | 2 (7.4) | 11 (9.4) | |
| Nail condition (No. [%]) | .061 | |||
| Yes | 37 (41.1) | 6 (22.2) | 43 (36.8) | |
| No | 48 (53.3) | 20 (74.1) | 68 (58.1) | |
| Missing | 5 (5.6) | 1 (3.7) | 6 (5.1) |
Abbreviation: ADL, activity of daily living.
a
χ2, Fisher exact, and Cochran-Armitage tests do not include participants missing respective measures.
b
Cochran-Armitage test.