Table 2.
Frailty and Falls by Any Foot Problem versus No Foot Problem
| Variable | Any Foot Problem (n = 90) |
No Foot Problem (n = 27) |
Odds Ratio (95% Cl)a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frailty category (No. [%]) | |||
| Nonfrail | 26 (28.9) | 15 (55.6) | Reference |
| Prefrail | 45 (50.0) | 11 (40.7) | 2.0 (0.76–5.2) |
| Frail | 19(21.1) | 1 (3.7) | 8.3 (0.96–72)b |
| Weight loss (No. [%]) | |||
| Yes | 7 (7.8) | 0 | –c |
| No | 83 (92.2) | 27 (100.0) | |
| Weakness (No. [%]) | |||
| Yes | 35 (38.9) | 2 (7.4) | 6.6 (1.4–30)d |
| No | 55 (61.1) | 25 (92.6) | |
| Exhaustion (No. [%]) | |||
| Yes | 25 (27.8) | 2 (7.4) | 4.0 (0.85–18) |
| No | 65 (72.2) | 25 (92.6) | |
| Slowness (No. [%]) | |||
| Yes | 45 (50.0) | 10 (37.0) | 1.2 (0.45–3.2) |
| No | 45 (50.0) | 17 (63.0) | |
| Low activity (No. [%]) | |||
| Yes | 17 (18.9) | 4 (14.8) | 1.1 (0.33–3.7) |
| No | 73 (81.1) | 23 (85.2) | |
| Mobility-Tiredness Scale score ≤5 | |||
| Yes | 56 (62.2) | 15 (55.6) | 1.0 (0.41–2.6) |
| No | 34 (37.8) | 12 (44.4) | |
| Falls Efficacy Scale-International score >25 | |||
| Yes | 51 (56.7) | 5 (18.5) | 5.0 (1.7–15)d |
| No | 39 (43.3) | 22 (81.5) | |
| History of fall (No. [%])e | |||
| Yes | 37 (43.5) | 9 (37.5) | 1.3 (0.50–3.3) |
| No | 48 (56.5) | 15 (62.5) | |
| Fall incidence, rate per person-year (incidence rate ratio)f | 1.53 | 1.28 | 1.4 (0.74–2.5) |
Abbreviation: Cl, confidence interval.
a
Adjusted for age.
b
Linear trend over frailty categories: P= .03.
c
Not defined because none of the participants had weight loss and no foot problem.
d
Significantly (P < .05) increased odds of any foot problem compared with no foot problem.
e
History of at least one fall reported in the 6 months before baseline (eight individuals missing fall history).
f
Incidence of falls during 6-month follow-up (eight dropouts missing fall incidence).