Table 2.

Unstandardized HLM Estimands for 2 Year Growth Rates in Parent Outcomes

	Observed Parenting Practices	Parenting Self Efficacy
Model 1
Intercept	2.86***	33.69
Time (growth rate)	42***	−.41
Baseline Predictors
ER Group	−.04	.87*
Age	−.01	.07
Boy	−.08	−.40
African American	−.14*	−.31
Other Minority	−.05	−.13
Model 2
Time Varying Predictors (average effects)
Parenting self-efficacy	.04***	---
ER Group × self-efficacy	.01*	---
PVE	.16	.07

Note: PVE = proportion of variance explained;

^***p < .001;

^**p < .001;

^*p < .05;

^†p <.10