Table 1.
Distribution of ACE scores and responses to ACE Study questionnaire items by gender. The average total number ACE items and the frequency distribution of the number of ACE items (number and percent) are shown by gender and overall in the upper portion of the table. The frequency distribution (number and percent) for each ACE item is shown by gender and overall in the lower portion of the table
| Male no. (%) | Female no. (%) | Total no. (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACE score | Mean = .76 | Mean = 1.86 | Mean = 1.33* |
| 0 | 23 (54.76) | 19 (43.18) | 42 (48.8) |
| 1 | 9 (21.43) | 8 (18.18) | 17 (19.8) |
| 2 | 7 (16.67) | 3 (6.82) | 10 (11.6) |
| 3 | 3 (7.14) | 4 (9.09) | 7 (8.1) |
| 4 | 0 | 4 (9.09) | 4 (4.6) |
| 5 | 0 | 1 (2.27) | 1 (1.2) |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 (3.5) |
| 7 | 0 | 3 (6.82) | 0 (0) |
| 8 | 0 | 1 (2.27) | 1 (1.2) |
| 9 | 0 | 1 (2.27) | 1 (1.2) |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ACE category | |||
| Emotional abuse | 4 (10) | 14 (32) | 18 (21)** |
| Physical abuse | 2 (5) | 9 (11) | 11 (13)** |
| Sexual abuse | 4 (10) | 9 (20) | 13 (15) |
| Emotional neglect | 1 (2) | 6 (14) | 7(8) |
| Physical neglect | 2 (5) | 3 (7) | 5 (6) |
| Mother treated violently | 0 (0) | 6 (14) | 6 (7)** |
| Substance abuse in household | 4 (10) | 9 (21) | 13 (15) |
| Mental illness in household | 9 (21) | 16 (36) | 25 (29) |
| Household member going to prison | 2 (5) | 4 (9) | 6 (7) |
| Parental separation or divorce | 4 (10) | 6 (14) | 10 (12) |
*t test of overall mean difference by gender. For men, M = .76 ACEs, SD = 0.98; for women, M = 1.86 ACEs, SD = 2.39; t(57.7) = − 2.82, P = .007
**P < .05 Fisher’s exact test by gender