Table 1.
Patient characteristics in the retrospective and prospective cohorts.
| Retrospective cohort (n=68) | Prospective cohort (n=50) | P- value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 (54–85) | 68 (54–85) | 0.505 | |
| Gender | 1.000 | |||
| Male | 66 | 48 | ||
| Female | 2 | 2 | ||
| Smoking history | ||||
| Former smokers | 19 | 16 | ||
| Current smokers | 22 | 12 | ||
| Never smokers | 27 | 22 | ||
| FEV1% | 49.71±19.36 | 48.35±16.76 | 0.614 | |
| GOLD 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.780 | |
| GOLD 2 | 29 | 20 | ||
| GOLD 3 | 27 | 24 | ||
| GOLD 4 | 9 | 5 | ||
| 6-min walking distance (m) | 417±93 | 428±8 | 0.544 | |
| mMRC | ||||
| 0–1 | 33 | 24 | 1.000 | |
| ≥2 | 35 | 26 | ||
| Exacerbations in the last year (times) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (1–3) | 1.000 | |
| ≥2 or ≥1 leading to hospital admission | 23 | 37 | ||
| 0 or 1 (not leading to hospital admission) | 45 | 13 | ||
| Exacerbations in the next year (times) | 0 (0–5) | |||
| ≥2 or ≥1 leading to hospital admission | 17 | |||
| 0 or 1 (not leading to hospital admission) | 33 | |||
| ABCD assessment | 0.846 | |||
| A | 26 | 18 | ||
| B | 19 | 15 | ||
| C | 7 | 6 | ||
| D | 16 | 11 | ||
| High-risk (grade C and D) | 23 | 17 | ||
| Low-risk (grade A and B) | 45 | 33 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | (mean ±SD) | 21.9±3.8 | 21.8±4.0 | 0.824 |
| (median, IQR) | 21.9 (19.5–24.0) | 21.9 (18.1–24.0) | ||
| FFMI (kg/m2) | (mean ±SD) | 17.2±2.1 | 17.2±2.2 | 0.846 |
| (median, IQR) | 17.2 (16.0–18.4) | 17.3 (15.5–18.5) | ||
| SMMI (kg/m2) | (mean ±SD) | 11.6±1.4 | 11.6±1.5 | 0.934 |
| (median, IQR) | 9.5 (10.8–12.3) | 11.5 (10.6–12.4) | ||
| FMI (kg/m2) | (mean ±SD) | 4.5±2.4 | 4.4±2.4 | 0.933 |
| (median, IQR) | 4.4 (2.7–5.9) | 4.4 (2.4–6.0) | ||
| LTF | (median, IQR) | 3.9 (2.9–6.2) | 3.8 (2.9–6.9) | 0.673 |
COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; mMRC – modified Medical Research Council; BMI – body mass index; SMMI – skeletal muscle mass index; FFMI – fat-free mass index; LTF – lean-to-fat; SD – standard deviation; IQR – interquartile range; GOLD – Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.