Table 3. Conservative treatment of chronic pelvic pain.

Patient education

Pharmacotherapy

Exercise and physical therapy

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, superficial heat, therapeutic ultrasound, biofeedback, manual therapy

Posterior tibial nerve stimulation

Kegel exercises, core stabilization, stretching, strengthening, water-based exercises etc.

Pilates and yoga

Behavioral therapy

Injection techniques (dry needling, local anesthetic,

corticosteroid, botulinum toxin, etc.)

Acupuncture