| B |
5 mm |
width of the actuator |
| L |
15 mm |
length of the actuator |
|
d1
|
8 μm |
thickness of the
PPy film |
|
d2
|
110 μm |
thickness of the pvdf substrate |
|
EPPy
|
612 MPa |
Young’s modulus of
PPy |
|
EPVDF
|
80 MPa |
Young’s modulus of
PVDF |
| ρPPy
|
1150 kg m–3
|
density of PPy |
| ρPVDF
|
1150 kg m–3
|
density of PVDF |
| νPPy
|
0.25 |
Poisson’s ratio of
PPy |
| νPVDF
|
0.25 |
Poisson’s ratio of
PVDF |
| εr,PVDF
|
64.92 |
relative permittivity of
PVDF |
| εr,PPy
|
4.5 |
relative permittivity
of
PPy |
| αPPy
|
0.03/°F |
coefficient of thermal expansion |
|
KPPy
|
50 W/(m K) |
thermal conductivity of
PPy |
|
KPVDF
|
0.12 W/(m K) |
thermal conductivity of
PVDF |
|
CPPy
|
1.4 × 103 J/(kg·K) |
heat capacity at constant
pressure of PPy |
|
CPVDF
|
740 J/(kg·K) |
heat capacity at
constant
pressure of PVDF |
| σPPy
|
5 × 103 S/m |
electrical conductivity
of PPy |
| σPVDF
|
1 × 10–10 S/m |
electrical conductivity
of PVDF |
| V |
0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0,
1.2, 1.5 V |
applied
voltage |
