. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 23.

Published in final edited form as: Struct Equ Modeling. 2016 Sep 26;24(1):129–147. doi: 10.1080/10705511.2016.1224088

TABLE 3.

Separate Mother and Father Modeling Results: Estimates of Fixed Effects and Variance Components Using MLM and SEM

	Mother						Father
	MLM			SEM			MLM			SEM
	Fixed Effects
	Estimate	SE	p value	Estimate	SE	p value	Estimate	SE	p value	Estimate	SE	p value
β₁₀	119.31	1.66	< .001	119.31	1.66	< .001	117.19	1.79	< .001	117.19	1.79	< .001
β₂₀	−3.45	1.24	0.006	−3.45	1.24	0.006	−1.89	1.16	0.105	−1.89	1.16	0.104
Variance Components
	Estimate	SE	p value	Estimate	SE	p value	Estimate	SE	p value	Estimate	SE	p value
$σ_{1}^{2}$	282.91	45.67	< .001	282.91	45.67	< .001	347.39	53.19	< .001	347.39	53.19	< .001
$σ_{2}^{2}$	91.55	25.53	< .001	91.55	25.53	< .001	76.13	23.13	< .001	76.13	23.13	.001
σ₁₂	−23.20	26.27	.377	−23.20	26.27	.377	−49.52	28.26	.080	−49.51	28.25	.080
$σ_{e}^{2}$	108.67	8.29	< .001	108.67	8.29	< .001	103.00	8.05	< .001	103.00	8.06	< .001

Note. β₁₀ = average initial level; β₂₀ = average linear slope; $σ_{1}^{2}$ = variance of initial levels; $σ_{2}^{2}$ = variance of linear slopes; σ₁₂ = covariance of initial levels and linear slopes; $σ_{e}^{2}$ = residual variance.