Table 3. Comparison of Catalytic Performance of the Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2–Au Catalyst with State-of-the-Art Catalysts for the Liquid Phase Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol to 4-Aminophenola.
| no. | catalyst | Au synthesis method | reaction conditions | completion of reaction (min) | kapp (s–1) | refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Au(0)@TpPa-1 (5 ± 3 nm) | COF framework, NaBH4 | S = 0.18 mM (15 mL) | 13 | 5.3 × 10–3 | (3) |
| R = 0.07 M (12 mL) | ||||||
| C = 20 mg | ||||||
| 2 | Au–CeO2@ZrO2 (15 nm) | PVP, NaBH4 | S = 1 mM (0.3 mL) | 21 | 2.4 × 10–2 | (50) |
| R = 1 mM (3.7 mL) | ||||||
| C = 1.4 mg/mL (0.1 mL) | ||||||
| 3 | Fe@Au–ATPGO (10–12 nm) | ascorbic acid reduction method, pH = 4 | S = 1.0 × 10–4 M (25 μL) | 18 | 8.2 × 10–6* | (51) |
| R = 0.06 M (2.5 mL) | ||||||
| C = 1.4 g/L | ||||||
| 4 | Au–DEND550-1 (3.2 nm) | organic ligand, NaBH4 | S = 0.09 μmol in 2.5 mL | 4.6 | 5.1 × 10–3 | (52) |
| R = 7.2 μmol | ||||||
| C = 0.5%, 0.45 × 10–3 μmol | ||||||
| 5 | Mn@SiO2_NH2@Au (5 nm) | APTES, citric acid | S = 0.05 mM (3 mL) | 12 | 6.1 × 10–3 | (53) |
| R = 0.15 mmol | ||||||
| C = 3 mg | ||||||
| 6 | AuDSNs (2.6 nm) | glycodendrimer, NaBH4 | S = 6.2 × 10–4 M | 7.7 | 6.5 × 10–3 | (54) |
| R/S = 81:1 (equiv) | ||||||
| 7 | KCC–1-IL/Au (2–5 nm) | KCC–1-IL, NaBH4 | S = 1 mM (187 μL) | 4.5 | 12 × 10–3 | (60) |
| R = 0.1 M (2.5 mL) | ||||||
| C = 0.5 mg/mL (25 μL) | ||||||
| 8 | Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2–Au (6.7 nm) | APTES, NaBH4 | S = 0.1 mL (0.005 M) | 3.7 | 7.8 × 10–3 | this study |
| R = 1 mL (0.2 M), C = 3 mg |
a
S: substrate (i.e., 4-NP); R: reductant (NaBH4); C: catalyst; kapp = apparent rate constant; * mol/(L min).