Table 2.
Characteristics of the studies included in the review
| Study | Type of study | n | Sex | Age (years)* | Reason for ECMO | Type of ECMO | Cannulated vessels | Length of ECMO (days)* | Length of MV (days) | Study category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abrams et al.(11) | Retrospective uncontrolled cohort | IG: 35† | F: 20; M: 15 |
45.2 ± 18.7 | CF (n = 10) ARDS (n = 9) IPD (n = 6) COPD (n = 6) PAH (n = 4) |
VV (n = 31) and VA (n = 4) | DL (n = 23); IJV-subclavian artery (n = 4); femoral (n = 8) |
NI | NI | Article |
| Bain et al.(19) | Retrospective cohort | IG: 5 CG: 4 |
F: 6; M: 3 |
53 ± 22 | CF (n = 5); IPF (n = 2); UIP (n = 1); P (n = 1) |
VV (n = 9) | NI | IG: 9 (5 - 14) CG: 1.5 (1 - 9) |
IG: 12 (5 - 15) CG: 1 (1 - 5) |
Article |
| Carswell et al.(20) | Case series | IG: 8 | F: 3; M: 5 |
NI | CF (n = 6); PF (n = 2) |
VV (n = 8) | Jugular-femoral; femoral-femoral, or femoral-femoral-jugular |
NI | NI | Poster |
| Cork et al.(21) | Case study | IG: 1 | M | 32 | Severe ARF | VV | Jugular-femoral | 13 | NI | Article |
| Dennis et al.(22) | Retrospective uncontrolled cohort | IG: 18 | F: 12; M: 6 |
49 ± 15 | Bridge for LT | VV (n = 18) | Right IJV (DL) | 18 ± 16 | NI | Poster |
| Hermens et al.(23) | Retrospective uncontrolled cohort | IG: 9 | F: 5; M: 4 |
35 (16 - 59) | CF (n = 7); IPF (n = 1); Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (N = 1) |
VV (n = 9) | IJV (DL); femoral-jugular or femoral-femoral |
12 (5 - 9) | No patient was on MV | Poster |
| Keibun(24) | Prospective cohort | IG: 10 CG: 13 |
NI | IG: 60 CG: 61 (mean) |
Refractory ARF | VV (n = 31) | NI | NI | NI | Poster |
| Kikukawa et al.(25) | Case study | IG: 1 | M | 54 | ARF due to H1N1 | VV | Right IJV-femoral | 9 | NI | Article |
| Ko et al.(26) | Retrospective uncontrolled cohort | IG: 8 | F: 1; M: 7 |
56.7 ± 10.7 | Bridge for LT | VV (n = 7) and VA (n = 1) | Jugular-femoral (n = 7); central (right atrium - ascending aorta) (n = 1) |
NI | NI | Article |
| Kulkarni et al.(27) | Case study | IG: 1 | M | 36 | Severe asthma | VV | Right IJV (DL) | 5 | 3 | Poster |
| Morris et al.(28) | Case study | IG: 1 | F | 46 | Acute viral interstitial pneumonia | VV | Right IJV-femoral | NI | NI | Poster |
| Munshi et al.(29) | Retrospective cohort | IG: 50/CG: 11 | IG: F: 11; M: 39 CG: F: 3; M: 6 |
IG: 45 ± 14 CG: 44 ± 14 |
ARDS (80% due to pneumonia) | IG: VV (n = 47) and VA (n =
3) CG: VV (n = 10) and VA (n = 1) |
IG: IJV (DL) (n = 26); IJV-femoral (n = 23); three routes (n = 1) CG: IJV (DL) (n = 6); IJV-femoral (n = 4); three routes (n = 1) |
IG: 13 (10 - 19) CG: 8 (7 - 10)‡ |
IG: 3 (0.87 - 7.00) CG: 1.16 (0.33 - 4.00) |
Article |
| Norrenberg et al.(30) | Case series | IG: 10 | F: 2; M: 8 |
49 ± 15 | NI | VV (n = 5) and VA (n = 5) | Femoral | 6 ± 3 days | NI | Poster |
| Pastva et al.(31) | Case study | IG: 1 | F | 30 | CF | VV | IJV (DL) | NI | NI | Poster |
| Pruijsten et al.(32) | Case series | IG: 6 | F: 2; M: 4 |
52 (median) | IPF (n = 2); CF (n = 1); IPD (n = 1); pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (n = 1) |
VV | Bicaval (DL) | NI | NI | Article |
| Rahimi et al.(33) | Case series | IG: 2 CG: 1 |
IG: F CG: M |
IG: 37 and 25; CG: 23 | IG: PF and CF CG: ARDS | VV | IG: Right IJV (DL) CG: Right IJV-femoral |
IG: 12 and 4 CG: 30 |
NI | Article |
| Rehder et al.(34) | Retrospective cohort | IG: 4§ CG: 3§ |
IG: F: 3; M: 1; CG: F: 1; M: 2 |
IG: 31 CG: 54.3 (mean) |
Bridge for LT | VV | IG: Right IJV (DL) CG: IJV-femoral or femoro-femoral |
IG: 8.75 CG: 2.17 (mean) |
IG: 1.75 CG: 0.77 |
Article |
| Salam et al.(35) | Case study | IG: 1 | M | 55 | ARDS | VV | Right IJV (DL) | 125 | 40 | Article |
| Turner et al.(36) | Case series | IG: 2§ | F | 24 and 19 | CF and bacteremia + ARF secondary to infection with influenza B | VV | Right IJV (DL) | 7 and 14 days | 4 and 7 | Article |
| Wells et al.(37) | Retrospective cohort | IG: 86 CG: 26 |
F: 38; M 74 |
54.9 ± 17.7 | Pulmonary embolism, cardiogenic shock; ventricular dysfunction after open heart procedure | VA | Femoral (n = 69) Central (n = 17) NI (n = 26) |
NI | NI | Poster |
ECMO - extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IG - intervention group; F - female; M - male; LT - lung transplantation; CF - cystic fibrosis; IPD - idiopathic pulmonary disease; COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PAH - pulmonary arterial hypertension; VV - veno-venous; VA - veno-arterial; DL - double lumen cannula; IJV - internal jugular vein; NI - not informed; CG - control group; IPF - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; UIP - usual interstitial pneumonia; P - pneumonia; PF - pulmonary fibrosis; ARF - acute respiratory failure; VM - mechanical ventilation; ARDS - acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Results are expressed as the means ± standard deviations or medians (interquartile ranges) for groups with more than two subjects; the exceptions were identified;
the study refers to a total cohort of 100 patients, but the results are presented only for the patients who underwent physical therapy;
data reported only on survivors;
records of patients younger than 18 years old were excluded.