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. 2019 Aug;25(8):1511–1521. doi: 10.3201/eid2508.181432

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Functional biomarkers specific to 17DD vaccine for YF before and after primary and secondary vaccination. We performed analysis upon in vitro 17DD-YF antigen recall of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Flow cytometric immunophenotypic staining were performed to quantity functional T-cell subsets producing TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-5 and B-cell subsets producing TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-5. We performed intra-arm analyses by paired t-test to compare memory-related functional features observed in previously vaccinated participants with paired samples collected early after vaccination. Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences (p<0.05); vertical error bars indicate SEM. For intergroup analysis, we used adjusted analysis of variance to compare the memory-related phenotypic features observed among distinct time points; connecting lines indicate significant differences. Participant subgroups indicate number of days or years since vaccination (in parentheses; d0 for those never vaccinated). IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; YF, yellow fever.