Table 5. Correlation between congenital syphilis case rates, death, epidemiologic, and socioeconomic variables, Brazil, 2010–2015*.

Variable	Congenital syphilis,† n = 77,414			Infant death,‡ n = 906			Fetal death,§ n = 2,877			Stillbirth,¶ n = 3,130
	r value#	p value		r value#	p value		r value#	p value		r value#	p value
Maternal syphilis	0.688	<0.001		0.535	0.002		0.563	0.001		0.301	0.106
Infant death	0.679	<0.001		–	–		0.439	0.015		0.523	0.003
Fetal death	0.859	<0.001		0.439	0.015		–	–		0.814	<0.001
Stillbirth	0.829	<0.001		0.523	0.003		0.814	<0.001		–	–
Maternal schooling >8 y	0.824	<0.001		0.505	0.004		0.748	<0.001		0.737	<0.001
No prenatal care	0.305	0.101		0.132	0.486		0.360	0.051		0.613	<0.001
Inadequate maternal treatment	0.066	0.728		0.160	0.399		0.129	0.498		0.014	0.941
Untreated maternal partner	0.066	0.728		0.342	0.064		0.012	0.950		0.040	0.833
Rapid syphilis test of pregnant women	0.519	0.003		0.419	0.020		0.511	0.003		0.727	<0.001
Illiteracy rates**	0.476	0.418		0.430	0.470		0.251	0.684		0.348	0.566
Human Development Index**	0.355	0.557		0.456	0.441		0.013	0.984		0.040	0.949
Gini Index**	0.323	0.596		0.604	0.281		0.096	0.878		0.103	0.870
Social Vulnerability Index**	0.467	0.426		0.627	0.256		0.172	0.781		0.193	0.754

*Bold text indicates statistically significant values (p<0.05).
†Congenital syphilis rates include spontaneous abortion and stillbirth rates.
‡Death in live-born infants from birth through 12 months of age.
§Fetal death at <22 weeks gestation in mothers with positive syphilis seroreactive tests.
¶Stillborn infants of >22 weeks gestation born to mothers with positive syphilis seroreactive tests.
#Calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient.
**Values from 2010, during the country’s last population census.