Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Across 25‐OH Vitamin D Level Categories
| Vitamin D Deficiency, Range: 3.98–20 ng/mL, Mean ± SD: 15.04 ± 3.41 | Vitamin D Insufficiency, Range: 20.01–40 ng/mL, Mean ± SD: 27.32 ± 5 | Vitamin D Sufficiency, Range: 40.01–70.49 ng/mL, Mean ± SD: 45.83 ± 5.39 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | 229 (4.48%) | 2750 (53.84%) | 2129 (41.68%) | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y | 55.65 ± 14.6 | 55.16 ± 11.22 | 53.53 ± 9.94 | 0.1 |
| Ethnic group | <0.001 | |||
| Caucasian, % | 76.91 | 94.17 | 96.4 | |
| African American, % | 17.71 | 3.82 | 1.51 | |
| Males, % | 33.92 | 51.02 | 55.1 | <0.001 |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.96 ± 7.36 | 26.58 ± 4.32 | 25.9 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Smoker, % | 26.9 | 23.3 | 24.8 | 0.23 |
| Family history of MI at <50 years old, % | 15.7 | 14.3 | 16.9 | 0.52 |
| Hypertension , % | 35 | 29.4 | 26.6 | 0.009 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm of Hg | 128.6 ± 21.2 | 126.9 ± 16.4 | 126.4 ± 13.3 | 0.06 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm of Hg | 76.4 ± 11.2 | 76.1 ± 8.8 | 76.9 ± 7.2 | 0.42 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, % | 57.7 | 54.7 | 57.2 | 0.5 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 216.2 ± 49.2 | 215.8 ± 37.1 | 214.8 ± 33.8 | 0. 9 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 52.8 ± 18.8 | 51 ± 14.5 | 52.4 ± 13.8 | 0.02 |
| Chemistry | ||||
| Phosphorus, mg/dL | 3.47 ± .058 | 3.39 ± 0.44 | 3.39 ± 0.36 | <0.001 |
| Normalized calcium, mmol/L | 1.23 ± 0.06 | 1.24 ± 0.04 | 1.24 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.05 ± 0.38 | 4.07 ± 0.29 | 4.06 ± 0.25 | 0.24 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.84 ± 0.3 | 0.86 ± 0.17 | 0.89 ± 0.16 | 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 92.07 ± 25.75 | 89.61 ± 17.08 | 87.16 ± 13.8 | 0.002 |
| C‐reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.43 ± 0.73 | 0.37 ± 0.44 | 0.48 ± 0.61 | 0.02 |
| Homocysteine, µmol/L | 10.75 ± 8.88 | 9.6 ± 3.51 | 10.17 ± 3.3 | 0.007 |
| ECG abnormalities | ||||
| Major ECG abnormalities, % | 13.01 | 11 | 5.86 | 0.01 |
| Minor ECG abnormalities, % | 19.49 | 16.74 | 20.24 | 0.2 |
| LVH, % | 14.89 | 12.85 | 11.63 | 0.3 |
Abbreviations: 25‐OH, 25‐hydroxy; BMI, body mass index; ECG, electrocardiograph; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MI, myocardial infarction; SD, standard deviation.