Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of fQRS(+) and fQRS(−) Patient Groups
| Variables | fQRS(+), n = 114 | fQRS(−), n = 113 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 63.49 ± 12.04 | 65.04 ± 11.95 | 0.331 |
| Gender | |||
| Female, n (%) | 35 (30.7) | 36 (31.9) | |
| Male, n (%) | 79 (69.3) | 77 (68.1) | 0.851 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 60 (52.6) | 60 (53.1) | 0.944 |
| DM, n (%) | 49 (43.0) | 43 (38.1) | 0.449 |
| HT, n (%) | 55 (48.2) | 63 (55.8) | 0.258 |
| HPL n (%) | 7 (6.1) | 7 (6.2) | 0.986 |
| CAD, n (%) | 71 (62.3) | 71 (62.8) | 0.932 |
| CVD, n (%) | 7 (6.1) | 11 (9.7) | 0.316 |
| CRD, n (%) | 11 (9.6) | 15 (13.3) | 0.391 |
| PAD, n (%) | 3 (2.6) | 2 (1.8) | 1.000 |
| NYHA, n (%) | |||
| II | 31 (27.2) | 52 (46.0) | |
| III | 54 (47.4) | 50 (44.2) | |
| IV | 29 (25.4) | 11 (9.7) | |
| ACE‐I, n (%) | 72 (63.2) | 70 (61.9) | 0.850 |
| ARB, n (%) | 10 (8.8) | 16 (14.2) | 0.203 |
| MRA, n (%) | 39 (34.2) | 23 (20.4) | 0.019 |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 82 (71.9) | 60 (53.1) | 0.003 |
| ASA, n (%) | 86 (75.4) | 79 (69.9) | 0.350 |
| β‐Blocker, n (%) | 84 (73.7) | 87 (77.0) | 0.563 |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 29 (25.9) | 25 (22.1) | 0.558 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 25 (21.9) | 23 (20.4) | 0.771 |
| OAD, n (%) | 12 (10.5) | 17 (15) | 0.308 |
| Warfarin, n (%) | 30 (26.3) | 19 (16.8) | 0.082 |
| Statin, n (%) | 63 (55.3) | 51 (45.1) | 0.127 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.17 ± 0.58 | 3.36 ± 0.57 | 0.013 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 74.33 ± 44.77 | 66.55 ± 42.18 | 0.100 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.36 ± 0.63 | 1.34 ± 0.89 | 0.13 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 142.93 ± 68.24 | 133.31 ± 69.1 | 0.144 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 135.46 ± 5.84 | 136.06 ± 4.75 | 0.362 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.23 ± 0.67 | 4.29 ± 0.56 | 0.427 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.35 ± 1.99 | 12.13 ± 2.19 | 0.43 |
| Hematocrit, % | 37.94 ± 6.60 | 36.47 ± 7.19 | 0.111 |
| CRP, mg/L | 34.21 ± 52.61 | 33.95 ± 51.37 | 0.93 |
| Troponin I, ng/mL | 9.99 ± 26.40 | 11.87 ± 27.18 | 0.949 |
Abbreviations: ACE‐I, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ASA, acetylsalicyclic acid; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CAD, coronary artery disease; CRD, chronic renal disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; fQRS: fragmented QRS complex; HPL, hyperlipidemia; HT, hypertension; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association class; OAD, oral antidiabetic; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.