Screening approach. (a) Use of a dual luciferase expression vector to evaluate transfection efficiency and cell number. The schematic depicts a model in which firefly luciferase is used as a measurement of the transfection efficiency when cells are co-transfected with a siRNA against firefly luciferase (siLuc2) and a miRNA. Renilla activity serves as a proxy for cell number and its activity is only affected when a miRNA that alters cell proliferation is transfected. (b) A linear response between cell number and Renilla and Firefly luciferase activity (Error bars: mean ± s.d., n = 6). C) Firefly luciferase repression upon transfection with siLuc2. Error bars: mean ± s.d. Each experiment corresponds to n = 6 per treatment. (d) miR-34a dose response in H441-pmiR cells. Error bars: mean ± s.d. Each experiment corresponds to n = 8 per treatment. Statistical analysis performed with two-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction (***, P < 0.001). (e) Firefly and (f) Renilla activity following transfection with miR-34a or PremiR-NC2 in presence of siLuc2. Error bars: mean ± s.d. Each experiment corresponds to n = 6 per treatment. Statistical analysis for B, C, D, E and F performed with a one-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ****, P < 0.0001). RLU: relative light units.