Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of AS Patients and Controls
| AS Patients | Controls | P for Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, female | 1487 (53%) | 1492 (53%) | 0.89 |
| Age, y | 75.5 (12.5) | 76.5 (12.2) | 0.002 |
| Body mass index group | 0.75 | ||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 155 (5.5%) | 151 (5.4%) | |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 1335 (47%) | 1361 (48%) | |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 871 (31%) | 877 (31%) | |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 462 (16%) | 434 (15%) | |
| Current smoking | 405 (14%) | 412 (15%) | 0.79 |
| Symptomatica | 1206 (43%) | 1080 (38%) | 0.0006 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Acute myocardial infarction | 225 (8.0%) | 225 (8.0%) | >0.99 |
| Prior CABG | 161 (5.7%) | 123 (4.4%) | 0.02 |
| Prior PCI | 246 (8.7%) | 221 (7.8%) | 0.23 |
| COPD | 267 (9.7%) | 274 (9.5%) | 0.75 |
| Anemia/bleeding disorder | 401 (14%) | 382 (14%) | 0.46 |
| Kidney disease | 197 (7.0%) | 177 (6.3%) | 0.28 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 281 (10%) | 269 (9.5%) | 0.59 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 332 (12%) | 337 (12%) | 0.84 |
| Heart failure | 550 (20%) | 477 (17%) | 0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 575 (20%) | 530 (19%) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes | 361 (13%) | 375 (13%) | 0.58 |
| Medications | |||
| Insulin | 153 (5.4%) | 156 (5.5%) | 0.86 |
| Clopidogrel | 150 (5.3%) | 164 (5.8%) | 0.42 |
| Vitamin K antagonists | 464 (16%) | 382 (14%) | 0.002 |
| Aspirin | 1274 (45%) | 1323 (47%) | 0.19 |
| Lipid modifying therapy | 1157 (41%) | 948 (34%) | <0.0001 |
| Beta blockers | 986 (35%) | 918 (33%) | 0.06 |
| Calcium blockers | 812 (29%) | 637 (23%) | <0.0001 |
| Loop diuretics | 914 (32%) | 827 (29%) | 0.01 |
| RAS inhibitors | 1126 (40%) | 1143 (40%) | 0.64 |
| Aldosterone blockers | 228 (8.1%) | 181 (6.4%) | 0.02 |
| Surgery characteristics | |||
| Emergency surgery | 1051 (37%) | 1051 (37%) | >0.99 |
| Cancer related surgery | 240 (8.5%) | 246 (8.7%) | 0.78 |
| Surgery subtype | >0.99 | ||
| Ear, nose, throat | 30 (1.1%) | 30 (1.1%) | |
| Orthopedic, major | 1154 (41%) | 1154 (41%) | |
| Orthopedic, minor | 224 (7.9%) | 224 (7.9%) | |
| Abdominal, nonbowel | 314 (11%) | 314 (11%) | |
| Abdominal, bowel | 207 (7.3%) | 207 (7.3%) | |
| Breast | 34 (1.2%) | 34 (1.2%) | |
| Plastic | 118 (4.2%) | 118 (4.2%) | |
| Endocrine | 18 (0.6%) | 18 (0.6%) | |
| Eye | 28 (1.0%) | 28 (1.0%) | |
| Female reproductive | 83 (2.9%) | 83 (2.9%) | |
| Intracranial | 43 (1.5%) | 43 (1.5%) | |
| Male reproductive | 14 (0.5%) | 14 (0.5%) | |
| Neuro | 66 (2.3%) | 66 (2.3%) | |
| Nonarterial vessels | 55 (2.0%) | 55 (2.0%) | |
| Pulmonary/mediastinal | 60 (2.1%) | 60 (2.1%) | |
| Urological | 211 (7.5%) | 211 (7.5%) | |
| Artery surgery | 164 (5.8%) | 164 (5.8%) |
Abbreviations: AS, aortic stenosis; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RAS, renin‐angiotensin system.
a
Symptomatic is defined as use of nitrates, loop diuretics, or diagnosed heart failure.