Table 1.
Comparison of Baseline Clinical Characteristics Among Mehran CIN‐Risk Groups
| Variables | Overall (n = 1041) | Low (n = 596) | Moderate (n = 265) | High (n = 111) | Very High (n = 69) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mehran CIN‐risk score | 6.0 ± 5.4 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 12.7 ± 1.6 | 20.0 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
| Male | 748 (72%) | 457 (77%) | 184 (69%) | 67 (60%) | 40 (58%) | <0.001 |
| Age, y | 62.7 ± 12.2 | 59.2 ± 11.3 | 65.0 ± 11.5 | 69.1 ± 11.6 | 72.6 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Age >75 years | 171 (16%) | 30 (5%) | 66 (25%) | 39 (35%) | 36 (52%) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 3.5 | 24.5 ± 3.6 | 23.8 ± 3.2 | 23.3 ± 3.3 | 22.7 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI <24 kg/m2 | 459 (49%) | 236 (43%) | 125 (51%) | 60 (64%) | 38 (73%) | <0.001 |
| Smokers | 394 (38%) | 258 (43%) | 89 (34%) | 29 (26%) | 18 (26%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 269 (26%) | 61 (10%) | 118 (45%) | 46 (41%) | 44 (64%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 509 (49%) | 253 (42%) | 148 (56%) | 66 (60%) | 42 (61%) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 397 (38%) | 248 (42%) | 90 (34%) | 35 (32%) | 24 (35%) | 0.058 |
| eGFR <60 mL/min | 377 (36%) | 123 (21%) | 119 (45%) | 77 (69%) | 58 (84%) | <0.001 |
| Previous stroke | 61 (6%) | 28 (5%) | 18 (7%) | 8 (7%) | 7 (10%) | 0.172 |
| Previous MI | 59 (6%) | 32 (5%) | 9 (3%) | 9 (8%) | 9 (13%) | 0.016 |
| Previous PCI | 137 (13%) | 69 (12%) | 31 (12%) | 23 (20%) | 14 (20%) | 0.015 |
| Previous CABG | 22 (2%) | 6 (1%) | 8 (3%) | 5 (4%) | 3 (4%) | 0.012 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||||
| STEMI | 515 (49%) | 294 (49%) | 123 (46%) | 58 (52%) | 40 (58%) | 0.343 |
| NSTEMI | 526 (51%) | 302 (51%) | 142 (54%) | 53 (48%) | 29 (42%) | 0.343 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 166 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 53 (20%) | 53 (48%) | 60 (87%) | <0.001 |
| IABP | 59 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 22 (20%) | 37 (54%) | <0.001 |
| LV dysfunction (LVEF <40%) | 214 (23%) | 87 (16%) | 51 (21%) | 42 (42%) | 34 (57%) | <0.001 |
| Mean LVEF, % | 48.4 ± 12.7 | 51.0 ± 11.8 | 48.0 ± 11.8 | 42.5 ± 13.4 | 36.0 ± 13.1 | <0.001 |
| Multivessel disease | 632 (61%) | 338 (57%) | 163 (62%) | 73 (66%) | 58 (84%) | <0.001 |
| Contrast volume, mL | 219 ± 72 | 210 ± 68 | 228 ± 75 | 229 ± 77 | 251 ± 79 | <0.001 |
| Contrast volume >300 mL | 180 (17%) | 82 (14%) | 49 (19%) | 27 (24%) | 22 (32%) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.9 ± 2.1 | 14.6 ± 1.6 | 13.5 ± 2.1 | 12.6 ± 2.2 | 11.8 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
| Anemiaa | 208 (20%) | 27 (5%) | 82 (31%) | 53 (48%) | 46 (67%) | <0.001 |
| Stent type | ||||||
| DES | 999 (96%) | 571 (96%) | 255 (96%) | 106 (95%) | 67 (97%) | 0.959 |
| BMS | 42 (4%) | 25 (4%) | 10 (4%) | 5 (5%) | 2 (3%) | 0.959 |
| Medication | ||||||
| Aspirin | 1,011 (97%) | 580 (97%) | 255 (96%) | 107 (96%) | 69 (100%) | 0.373 |
| Clopidogrel | 934 (90%) | 541 (91%) | 232 (88%) | 97 (87%) | 64 (93%) | 0.332 |
| Beta blocker | 829 (80%) | 500 (84%) | 201 (76%) | 82 (74%) | 46 (67%) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB | 874 (84%) | 517 (87%) | 212 (80%) | 87 (78%) | 58 (84%) | 0.028 |
| Statin | 910 (87%) | 523 (88%) | 231 (87%) | 93 (84%) | 63 (91%) | 0.502 |
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BMS, bare metal stents; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CIN, contrast‐induced nephropathy; DES, drug‐eluting stents; eGFR, glomerular filtration rate estimated by Cockcroft‐Gault formula; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pump; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST‐elevation myocardial infarction.
a
Defined as hemoglobin <13 g/dL for males and <12 g/dl for females.