Table 2.

Etiology of HF and NYHA Functional Class According to the Type of AF (%)^a

HF/NYHA Class	First Episode of AF, n = 675	Paroxysmal AF, n = 2606	Persistent AF, n = 2341	Permanent AF, n = 4869	P
HF	29.8	32.9	44.3	55.6	<0.0001
Main cause of HF					<0.0001
Ischemic	38.2	48.5	44.0	40.0
Valvular	31.2	12.7	18.2	31.9
Hypertensive	30.6	38.9	37.8	28.0
HF NYHA classes					<0.0001
I	11.8	16.2	13.4	10.2
II	49.7	61.4	55.3	53.3
III or IV	38.5	22.4	31.3	36.5

Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; HF, heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association.

^aData are not complete for all patients; the reported percentage is for the number of patients with data available for each given variable.