Table 3.
Control of AF (in Sinus Rhythm or in AF with HR ≤ 80 bpm) and Management Strategy (Medication), According to Presence or Absence of HF and of LVEF (%)a
| Characteristic | All HF, n = 4790 | No HF, n = 5676 | P, HF vsNo HF | HF‐REF, n = 1861 | HF‐PEF, n = 1905 | P, HF‐REF vs HF‐PEF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of AF | 54.6 | 62.8 | <0.0001 | 49.3 | 60.3 | <0.0001 |
| In sinus rhythm | 19.8 | 32.3 | 16.1 | 26.1 | ||
| In AF with HR ≤ 80 bpm | 34.8 | 30.6 | 33.1 | 34.2 | ||
| Prior to the visit | ||||||
| Therapeutic strategy | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Rhythm control | 28.0 | 40.2 | 25.4 | 33.2 | ||
| Rate control | 63.3 | 45.8 | 65.9 | 58.7 | ||
| None | 8.6 | 14.0 | 8.5 | 8.1 | ||
| Both | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | ||
| Medication | ||||||
| At least 1 AADb | 91.8 | 84.1 | <0.0001 | 93.1 | 91.8 | 0.15 |
| Class Ia | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.66 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.06 |
| Class Ic | 3.7 | 9.2 | <0.0001 | 2.5 | 5.5 | <0.0001 |
| Class II | 61.4 | 52.9 | <0.0001 | 67.6 | 59.4 | <0.0001 |
| Class II for AF reason | 44.4 | 41.3 | <0.01 | 45.7 | 45.8 | 0.95 |
| Class III | 24.9 | 23.2 | 0.04 | 27.6 | 24.2 | 0.02 |
| Amiodarone | 22.8 | 19.4 | <0.0001 | 26.6 | 20.9 | <0.0001 |
| Class IV | 15.4 | 17.2 | 0.01 | 13.3 | 16.8 | <0.01 |
| Class IV for AF reason | 6.2 | 7.7 | <0.01 | 4.7 | 7.0 | <0.01 |
| Digoxin | 40.9 | 20.1 | <0.0001 | 45.1 | 36.1 | <0.0001 |
| Antithrombotic agents | 91.5 | 82.8 | <0.0001 | 92.2 | 91.5 | 0.50 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 42.7 | 36.2 | <0.0001 | 43.8 | 39.9 | 0.014 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 56.2 | 52.2 | <0.0001 | 58.7 | 56.7 | 0.22 |
| Injectable anticoagulants | 7.5 | 4.5 | <0.0001 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 0.53 |
| At the end of the visit | ||||||
| Therapeutic strategy | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Rhythm control | 29.2 | 44.1 | 26.8 | 33.9 | ||
| Rate control | 67.2 | 49.5 | 70.0 | 62.2 | ||
| None | 3.5 | 6.3 | 2.9 | 3.8 | ||
| Both | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | ||
| Medication | ||||||
| At least 1 AADb | 85.0 | 77.5 | <0.0001 | 85.4 | 85.3 | 0.91 |
| Class Ia | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.10 | <0.1 | 0.8 | <0.01 |
| Class Ic | 3.1 | 9.4 | <0.0001 | 2.0 | 4.5 | <0.0001 |
| Class II | 56.3 | 45.2 | <0.0001 | 61.7 | 54.8 | <0.0001 |
| Class II for AF reason | 42.3 | 37.4 | <0.0001 | 43.8 | 43.3 | 0.75 |
| Class III | 26.4 | 25.4 | 0.23 | 29.8 | 25.1 | <0.01 |
| Amiodarone | 24.1 | 20.7 | <0.0001 | 29.0 | 21.7 | <0.0001 |
| Class IV | 13.0 | 14.6 | 0.02 | 10.8 | 14.3 | <0.01 |
| Class IV for AF reason | 5.4 | 6.9 | <0.01 | 4.0 | 5.9 | <0.01 |
| Digoxin | 38.0 | 18.4 | <0.0001 | 41.5 | 33.3 | <0.0001 |
| Antithrombotic agents | 86.0 | 75.9 | <0.0001 | 86.3 | 86.6 | 0.78 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 37.1 | 32.0 | <0.0001 | 36.6 | 34.2 | 0.12 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 54.0 | 47.0 | <0.0001 | 57.0 | 55.5 | 0.36 |
| Injectable anticoagulants | 10.2 | 8.9 | 0.03 | 12.4 | 8.3 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: AAD, antiarrhythmic drug; AF, atrial fibrillation; bpm, beats per minute; HF, heart failure; HF‐PEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction; HF‐REF, HF with reduced ejection fraction; HR, heart rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
a
Data are not complete for all patients; the reported percentage is for the number of patients with data available for each given variable.
b
Class Ia, Ic, II, III, and IV; includes digoxin.