Table 3.
Crude and Adjusted Logistic Regression Models of Medication Adherence
| Unadjusted Models | Adjusted Models | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Male sex | 1.11 (1.05‐1.17) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (0.98‐1.12) | 0.2312 |
| Age, ya | 0.97 (0.97‐0.98) | <0.0001 | 0.97 (0.97‐0.98) | <0.0001 |
| Region (ref = North America) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Latin America | 0.67 (0.57‐0.77) | <0.0001 | 0.78 (0.63‐0.96) | 0.0216 |
| Western Europe | 1.05 (0.99‐1.12) | 0.1271 | 0.92 (0.85‐1.00) | 0.0403 |
| Eastern Europe | 1.06 (0.98‐1.12) | 0.1449 | 0.95 (0.86‐1.05) | 0.2920 |
| Middle East | 1.50 (1.19‐1.89) | 0.0005 | 1.39 (1.05‐1.83) | 0.0197 |
| Asia | 0.45 (0.41‐0.48) | <0.0001 | 0.49 (0.40‐0.61) | <0.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity (ref = white) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Hispanic | 0.59 (0.51‐0.67) | <0.0001 | 0.72 (0.59‐0.88) | 0.0015 |
| East Asian | 0.39 (0.37‐0.42) | <0.0001 | 0.67 (0.53‐0.83) | 0.0004 |
| South Asian | 0.99 (0.76‐1.29) | 0.9649 | 1.30 (0.95‐1.78) | 0.0988 |
| Other Asian | 0.71 (0.63‐0.79) | <0.0001 | 0.99 (0.80‐1.23) | 0.9089 |
| Black | 0.85 (0.72‐1.01) | 0.0697 | 0.93 (0.76‐1.15) | 0.5125 |
| Other | 1.09 (0.95‐1.25) | 0.2031 | 1.01 (0.87‐1.18) | 0.8825 |
| Attained educational level (ref = 0–8 years) | 0.0001 | 0.9872 | ||
| 9–12 years | 0.95 (0.89‐1.01) | 0.1012 | 1.01 (0.94‐1.09) | 0.7764 |
| Trade/technical | 1.11 (1.03‐1.20) | 0.0060 | 1.00 (0.92‐1.10) | 0.9401 |
| University | 1.07 (1.00‐1.15) | 0.0651 | 1.00 (0.91‐1.09) | 0.9324 |
| Employment status (ref = full time) | <0.0001 | 0.1032 | ||
| Part time | 0.83 (0.74‐0.94) | 0.0019 | 1.04 (0.91‐1.19) | 0.5879 |
| Unemployed | 0.59 (0.53‐0.66) | <0.0001 | 1.10 (0.96‐1.27) | 0.1679 |
| Retired | 0.77 (0.72‐0.82) | <0.0001 | 1.07 (0.97‐1.17) | 0.1605 |
| Incapacitated | 0.87 (0.77‐0.98) | 0.0210 | 0.90 (0.78‐1.04) | 0.1496 |
| Other | 0.71 (0.61‐0.83) | <0.0001 | 1.17 (0.97‐1.41) | 0.0973 |
| BMI, kg/m2a | 1.03 (1.03‐1.04) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (1.00‐1.01) | 0.2228 |
| Smoking status (ref = never) | 0.0163 | 0.0870 | ||
| Former | 1.07 (1.02‐1.13) | 0.0090 | 1.00 (0.94‐1.07) | 0.9346 |
| Current | 1.08 (1.01‐1.17) | 0.0386 | 0.91 (0.83‐1.00) | 0.0486 |
| DM (ref = no) | 1.00 (0.95‐1.05) | 0.9577 | 1.06 (1.00‐1.13) | 0.0591 |
| PVD (ref = SVD) | 0.70 (0.65‐0.74) | <0.0001 | 0.69 (0.64‐0.74) | <0.0001 |
| Incident CV events | ||||
| CABG | 1.68 (1.21‐2.34) | 0.0019 | 1.20 (0.82‐1.77) | 0.3465 |
| Coronary angioplasty/stenting | 2.30 (1.91‐2.76) | <0.0001 | 2.15 (1.72‐2.67) | <0.0001 |
| Nonfatal MI | 2.05 (1.58‐2.65) | <0.0001 | 1.73 (1.25‐2.38) | 0.0009 |
| Nonfatal stroke | 0.74 (0.61‐0.91) | 0.0041 | 0.77 (0.61‐0.97) | 0.0258 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery; CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular; DM, diabetes mellitus; MI, myocardial infarction; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference; PVD, polyvascular disease; SVD, single vascular disease.
a
Per 1‐unit increase.