Table 1.
Select population characteristics by long-term shift type.
| Characteristic | All (n = 425) | Day (n = 184) | Evening + Night (n = 241) | p Value Day vs. Evening + Night |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | <0.01 | |||
| Male | 319 (75%) | 111 (60%) | 208 (86%) | |
| Female | 106 (25%) | 73 (40%) | 33 (14%) | |
| Race | <0.01 | |||
| European-American | 326 (78%) | 127 (70%) | 199 (84%) | |
| Other | 93 (22%) | 55 (30%) | 38 (16%) | |
| Education | 0.38 | |||
| <College | 52 (12%) | 25 (14%) | 27 (11%) | |
| some college | 149 (35%) | 69 (38%) | 80 (33%) | |
| Associates degree | 85 (20%) | 38 (21%) | 47 (20%) | |
| Bachelors or graduate degree | 139 (33%) | 52 (28%) | 87 (36%) | |
| Rank | <0.01 | |||
| Police officer | 279 (66%) | 100 (54%) | 179 (74%) | |
| Sergeant, Lieutenant, or Captain | 64 (15%) | 33 (18%) | 31 (13%) | |
| Detective | 42 (10%) | 22 (12%) | 20 (8%) | |
| Other | 40 (9%) | 29 (16%) | 11 (5%) | |
| Tobacco use | <0.01 | |||
| Never | 210 (50%) | 84 (46%) | 126 (53%) | |
| Former | 95 (23%) | 56 (31%) | 39 (16%) | |
| Current | 115 (27%) | 41 (23%) | 74 (31%) | |
| Age (years) | 42.7 ± 7.9 | 46.1 ± 7.6 | 40.0 ± 7.1 | <0.01 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.4 ± 4.8 | 28.9 ± 5.2 | 29.7 ± 4.5 | 0.07 |
| Fruit + Vegetable Servings per Day | 3.60 ± 2.4 | 3.85 ± 2.5 | 3.37 ± 2.2 | 0.05 |
| Energy Intake per day (kcal) | 1848 ± 803 | 1743 ± 724 | 1920 ± 851 | 0.02 |
| Fat Intake per day (g) | 69.2 ± 35.5 | 65.4 ± 30.4 | 71.8 ± 38.8 | 0.05 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 132.9 ± 104.5 | 123.8 ± 108.4 | 140.1 ± 101.0 | <0.01 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 93.0 ± 11.8 | 93.4 ± 13.1 | 92.8 ± 10.8 | 0.63 |
| HbA1c% | 5.58 ± 0.5 | 5.67 ± 0.5 | 5.50 ± 0.5 | <0.01 |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 13195 ± 12082 | 15109 ± 14060 | 11671 ± 10000 | 0.02 |
| Insulin (uU/mL) | 8.60 ± 6.3 | 8.82 ± 7.0 | 8.41 ± 5.71 | 0.51 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.9 ± 10.0 | 77.3 ± 10.1 | 78.4 ± 9.9 | 0.27 |
Column percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding. Stratum numbers may not equal column totals due to missing data. All categorical variable p values are based on chi-square tests and all continuous p values are based on t-tests or Wilcoxon rank sums test.