Table 3.
Breast, cervical, and lung cancer* incidence rate ratios (IRR) (95% confidence interval): ICE and poverty, MA city/town and census tract, 2010-2014 for the total population
| ICE: income (low vs high income): IRR (95% CI) |
ICE: race/ethnicity(black vs white non-Hispanic): IRR (95% CI) |
ICE: race/ethnicity + income (low-income black vs high-income white non-Hispanic): IRR (95% CI) |
Poverty(most vs least impoverished): IRR (95% CI) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Quintile comparisons | CT | City/town | CT | City/town | CT | City/town | CT | City/town |
| Breast cancer incidence (women only) | Model 1 (a, b): only 1 level | 1a | 1b | 1a | 1b | 1a | 1b | 1a | 1b |
| Q1 (worst off) | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.91) | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.90) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.08) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.16) | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.94) | 0.86 (0.81 to 0.90) | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.95) | |
| Q2 | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.91) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.94) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.09) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) | 0.88 (0.84 to 0.93) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.95) | 0.91 (0.86 to 0.95) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99) | |
| Q3 | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) | 0.87 (0.83 to 0.92) | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.09) | 1.09 (1.01 to 1.17) | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.95) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.95) | 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.00) | |
| Q4 | 0.94 (0.90 to 0.98) | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.97) | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.10) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 0.96 (0.92 to 1.01) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.01) | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.04) | |
| Q5 (best off) (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Model 2: both levels | |||||||||
| Q1 (worst off) | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.96) | 0.93 (0.87 to 1.00) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.03) | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.98) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.02) | |
| Q2 | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.95) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.02) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.04) | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.21) | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 0.93 (0.87 to 1.00) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.98) | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | |
| Q3 | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.00) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96) | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.05) | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.17) | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.00) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.98) | 0.97 (0.92 to 1.02) | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.02) | |
| Q4 | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.02) | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.06) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.10) | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.05) | 0.94 (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.05) | |
| Q5 (best off) (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Cervical cancer incidence | Model 1 (a, b): only 1 level | 1a | 1b | 1a | 1b | 1a | 1b | 1a | 1b |
| Q1 (worst off) | 2.82 (2.20 to 3.63) | 2.31 (1.74 to 3.05) | 2.44 (1.89 to 3.15) | 1.42 (1.04 to 1.94) | 2.87 (2.26 to 3.65) | 2.14 (1.63 to 2.81) | 2.14 (1.67 to 2.74) | 1.96 (1.48 to 2.58) | |
| Q2 | 2.13 (1.68 to 2.71) | 1.93 (1.44 to 2.58) | 1.57 (1.24 to 1.99) | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.36) | 1.96 (1.55 to 2.48) | 1.64 (1.23 to 2.19) | 1.86 (1.49 to 2.32) | 1.67 (1.24 to 2.25) | |
| Q3 | 1.78 (1.40 to 2.26) | 1.63 (1.20 to 2.21) | 1.32 (1.04 to 1.67) | 1.08 (0.76 to 1.53) | 1.88 (1.49 to 2.37) | 1.61 (1.19 to 2.16) | 1.48 (1.18 to 1.85) | 1.41 (1.03 to 1.93) | |
| Q4 | 1.53 (1.21 to 1.95) | 1.50 (1.11 to 2.03) | 1.35 (1.08 to 1.70) | 0.88 (0.60 to 1.30) | 1.31 (1.03 to 1.66) | 1.23 (0.90 to 1.67) | 1.15 (0.91 to 1.45) | 1.2 (0.88 to 1.65) | |
| Q5 (best off) (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Model 2: both levels | |||||||||
| Q1 (worst off) | 2.61 (1.85 to 3.67) | 1.19 (0.81 to 1.73) | 2.54 (1.75 to 3.68) | 0.84 (0.55 to 1.29) | 3.02 (2.13 to 4.27) | 0.96 (0.67 to 1.38) | 1.88 (1.38 to 2.55) | 1.29 (0.92 to 1.82) | |
| Q2 | 1.96 (1.41 to 2.72) | 1.20 (0.84 to 1.74) | 1.65 (1.16 to 2.36) | 0.71 (0.47 to 1.07) | 2.05 (1.47 to 2.86) | 0.94 (0.66 to 1.34) | 1.63 (1.23 to 2.16) | 1.32 (0.94 to 1.85) | |
| Q3 | 1.64 (1.21 to 2.23) | 1.15 (0.80 to 1.64) | 1.46 (1.05 to 2.04) | 0.84 (0.57 to 1.25) | 1.91 (1.41 to 2.60) | 1.11 (0.78 to 1.57) | 1.32 (1.01 to 1.71) | 1.25 (0.89 to 1.75) | |
| Q4 | 1.42 (1.08 to 1.87) | 1.24 (0.89 to 1.71) | 1.47 (1.11 to 1.95) | 0.82 (0.55 to 1.21) | 1.28 (0.97 to 1.71) | 1.03 (0.74 to 1.43) | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.38) | 1.14 (0.82 to 1.58) | |
| Q5 (best off) (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Lung cancer incidence | Model 1 (a, b): only 1 level | 1a | 1b | 1a | 1b | 1a | 1b | 1a | 1b |
| Q1 (worst off) | 1.67 (1.55 to 1.79) | 1.79 (1.64 to 1.96) | 1.46 (1.34 to 1.58) | 1.35 (1.20 to 1.51) | 1.72 (1.60 to 1.85) | 1.87 (1.72 to 2.03) | 1.49 (1.39 to 1.60) | 1.45 (1.31 to 1.60) | |
| Q2 | 1.43 (1.35 to 1.53) | 1.49 (1.36 to 1.63) | 1.27 (1.18 to 1.36) | 1.22 (1.09 to 1.37) | 1.49 (1.40 to 1.59) | 1.52 (1.40 to 1.66) | 1.25 (1.17 to 1.33) | 1.34 (1.21 to 1.48) | |
| Q3 | 1.25 (1.18 to 1.33) | 1.44 (1.31 to 1.57) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.18) | 1.20 (1.07 to 1.35) | 1.35 (1.27 to 1.43) | 1.48 (1.36 to 1.61) | 1.16 (1.10 to 1.23) | 1.17 (1.06 to 1.30) | |
| Q4 | 1.20 (1.13 to 1.27) | 1.32 (1.21 to 1.45) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.11) | 1.21 (1.07 to 1.37) | 1.21 (1.14 to 1.28) | 1.37 (1.26 to 1.49) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.15) | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.24) | |
| Q5 (best off) (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Model 2: both levels | |||||||||
| Q1 (worst off) | 1.48 (1.36 to 1.61) | 1.39 (1.25 to 1.55) | 1.44 (1.31 to 1.59) | 1.12 (0.99 to 1.28) | 1.52 (1.40 to 1.66) | 1.40 (1.26 to 1.55) | 1.41 (1.30 to 1.53) | 1.22 (1.10 to 1.36) | |
| Q2 | 1.27 (1.18 to 1.37) | 1.28 (1.16 to 1.42) | 1.25 (1.15 to 1.36) | 1.15 (1.02 to 1.30) | 1.32 (1.23 to 1.43) | 1.26 (1.14 to 1.39) | 1.18 (1.10 to 1.26) | 1.23 (1.10 to 1.37) | |
| Q3 | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.22) | 1.30 (1.18 to 1.44) | 1.09 (1.01 to 1.17) | 1.17 (1.04 to 1.33) | 1.23 (1.14 to 1.32) | 1.30 (1.18 to 1.43) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) | 1.12 (1.00 to 1.24) | |
| Q4 | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) | 1.25 (1.15 to 1.37) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.10) | 1.21 (1.07 to 1.36) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) | 1.29 (1.18 to 1.41) | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.21) | |
| Q5 (best off) (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
*
Model 1a includes only the census tract measure, Model 1b includes only the city/town measure, and Model 2 includes measures from both levels. All models adjust for race/ethnicity and urbanicity. The lung cancer model also adjusts for gender. All models control for age. CT = census tract; ICE = Index of Concentration at the Extremes.