Fig 5. Effects of constant supply of water and honey on the (a) fecundity, (b) miscellaneous attack, (c) emergence rate, and (d) sex ratio of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) reared on pupae of spotted-wing drosophila (SWD, Drosophila suzukii) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for the parasitoid’s early adulthood (4–9 days old).

P-values were calculated by Two-Way ANOVA; NS = no significant effect. N = 11 (water), (14) honey, (10) water + honey, and (12) fasting. Each replicate was formed by one mated individual wasp.