Table 1.
Patient and Cardiac Arrest Characteristics by Systolic Hypotension Group (0-6 hrs) non-ECMO patients
| Any Hypotensive Systolic Pressure (0-6 hrs) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 142) | No (N = 100) | Yes (N = 42) | P-value | |
| Age at randomization (months) | 17.0 [4.0, 102.0] | 16.5 [4.0, 45.5] | 29.5 [4.0, 153.0] | 0.3231 |
| Male | 78 (54.9%) | 55 (55.0%) | 23 (54.8%) | 0.9792 |
| Race | 0.0462 | |||
| Black or African American | 40 (28.2%) | 30 (30.0%) | 10 (23.8%) | |
| White | 81 (57.0%) | 60 (60.0%) | 21 (50.0%) | |
| Other/Unknown | 21 (14.8%) | 10 (10.0%) | 11 (26.2%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.9762 | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 32 (22.5%) | 23 (23.0%) | 9 (21.4%) | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 103 (72.5%) | 72 (72.0%) | 31 (73.8%) | |
| Unknown | 7 (4.9%) | 5 (5.0%) | 2 (4.8%) | |
| Any pre-existing condition | 127 (89.4%) | 93 (93.0%) | 34 (81.0%) | 0.0332 |
| Pre-Existing Conditions | ||||
| Cardiac condition | 75 (52.8%) | 59 (59.0%) | 16 (38.1%) | 0.0232 |
| Congenital heart disease | 68 (47.9%) | 56 (56.0%) | 12 (28.6%) | 0.0032 |
| Congenital acyanotic heart disease | 59 (41.5%) | 49 (49.0%) | 10 (23.8%) | 0.0052 |
| Congenital cyanotic heart disease | 9 (6.3%) | 7 (7.0%) | 2 (4.8%) | 0.6172 |
| Acquired heart disease | 17 (12.0%) | 11 (11.0%) | 6 (14.3%) | 0.5822 |
| Arrhythmia | 18 (12.7%) | 15 (15.0%) | 3 (7.1%) | 0.1992 |
| Heart Transplant | 2 (1.4%) | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.3562 |
| Cyanotic heart disease (baseline sat < 85%) | 9 (6.3%) | 7 (7.0%) | 2 (4.8%) | 0.6172 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 5 (3.5%) | 4 (4.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.6332 |
| Pulmonary hypertension - associated with CHD | 4 (2.8%) | 4 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.1892 |
| Pulmonary hypertension - not associated with CHD | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.1222 |
| Prenatal condition | 46 (32.4%) | 33 (33.0%) | 13 (31.0%) | 0.8122 |
| Respiratory condition | 58 (40.8%) | 40 (40.0%) | 18 (42.9%) | 0.7522 |
| Immunocompromised | 17 (12.0%) | 12 (12.0%) | 5 (11.9%) | 0.9872 |
| Transplant | 5 (3.5%) | 4 (4.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.6332 |
| Gastrointestinal condition | 52 (36.6%) | 38 (38.0%) | 14 (33.3%) | 0.5982 |
| Endocrine condition | 14 (9.9%) | 10 (10.0%) | 4 (9.5%) | 0.9312 |
| Renal condition | 18 (12.7%) | 9 (9.0%) | 9 (21.4%) | 0.0422 |
| Neurologic condition | 66 (46.5%) | 51 (51.0%) | 15 (35.7%) | 0.0962 |
| Failure to thrive | 22 (15.5%) | 16 (16.0%) | 6 (14.3%) | 0.7972 |
| Other pre-existing condition | 55 (38.7%) | 41 (41.0%) | 14 (33.3%) | 0.3922 |
| Night or weekend arrest | 54 (38.0%) | 35 (35.0%) | 19 (45.2%) | 0.2512 |
| Initial cardiac arrest rhythm | 0.0112 | |||
| Asystole | 13 (9.2%) | 4 (4.0%) | 9 (21.4%) | |
| Bradycardia | 86 (60.6%) | 67 (67.0%) | 19 (45.2%) | |
| Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) | 24 (16.9%) | 15 (15.0%) | 9 (21.4%) | |
| Ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia | 13 (9.2%) | 10 (10.0%) | 3 (7.1%) | |
| Unknown | 6 (4.2%) | 4 (4.0%) | 2 (4.8%) | |
| Primary etiology of cardiac arrest | 0.0092 | |||
| Cardiac | 67 (47.2%) | 51 (51.0%) | 16 (38.1%) | |
| Respiratory | 61 (43.0%) | 44 (44.0%) | 17 (40.5%) | |
| Other | 11 (7.7%) | 5 (5.0%) | 6 (14.3%) | |
| Unknown | 3 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (7.1%) | |
| Septic shock with hypotension | 11 (7.7%) | 10 (10.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.1212 |
| Location within hospital at time of arrest | 0.1212 | |||
| Emergency department | 34 (23.9%) | 18 (18.0%) | 16 (38.1%) | |
| Non-intensive care inpatient ward | 18 (12.7%) | 14 (14.0%) | 4 (9.5%) | |
| Intensive care unit (includes intermediate care) | 70 (49.3%) | 55 (55.0%) | 15 (35.7%) | |
| Operating room | 11 (7.7%) | 8 (8.0%) | 3 (7.1%) | |
| Other clinical location (radiology,laboratory,etc.) | 7 (4.9%) | 4 (4.0%) | 3 (7.1%) | |
| Non-clinical location (cafeteria,waiting room, etc.) | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | |
| IV present at the time of arrest | 123 (86.6%) | 90 (90.0%) | 33 (78.6%) | 0.0282 |
| Intubated at the time of arrest | 76 (53.5%) | 53 (53.0%) | 23 (54.8%) | 0.9672 |
| Previous PICU admission during current hospitalization | 17 (12.0%) | 13 (13.0%) | 4 (9.5%) | 0.5602 |
| Number of defibrillation attempts at hospital | 0.5982 | |||
| None | 120 (84.5%) | 85 (85.0%) | 35 (83.3%) | |
| 1 or more | 20 (14.1%) | 13 (13.0%) | 7 (16.7%) | |
| Unknown | 2 (1.4%) | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Open chest compressions performed | 11 (7.7%) | 8 (8.0%) | 3 (7.1%) | 0.8622 |
| Duration of chest compressions | 8.5 [5.0, 20.0] | 8.0 [5.0, 20.5] | 10.0 [4.0, 18.0] | 0.2682 |
| Duration of chest compressions | 0.5422 | |||
| Less than or equal to 15 minutes | 97 (68.3%) | 70 (70.0%) | 27 (64.3%) | |
| More than 15 to less than or equal to 30 minutes | 26 (18.3%) | 16 (16.0%) | 10 (23.8%) | |
| More than 30 minutes | 19 (13.4%) | 14 (14.0%) | 5 (11.9%) | |
| Total number of doses of epinephrine administered | 3.0 [2.0, 5.0] | 3.0 [2.0, 5.0] | 3.0 [1.0, 5.0] | 0.6071 |
| Epinephrine Dosing Interval (min/dose) | 0.9402 | |||
| No epinephrine recorded | 9 (6.3%) | 6 (6.0%) | 3 (7.1%) | |
| < 3 min/dose | 45 (31.7%) | 32 (32.0%) | 13 (31.0%) | |
| 3 - < 5 min/dose | 49 (34.5%) | 36 (36.0%) | 13 (31.0%) | |
| 5 - < 8 min/dose | 25 (17.6%) | 16 (16.0%) | 9 (21.4%) | |
| ≥ 8 min/dose | 13 (9.2%) | 9 (9.0%) | 4 (9.5%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Treatment Received | 0.0022 | |||
| Hypothermia | 76 (53.5%) | 62 (62.0%) | 14 (33.3%) | |
| Normothermia | 66 (46.5%) | 38 (38.0%) | 28 (66.7%) | |
| Time between ROSC/ROC and treatment initiation (hours) | 5.2 [4.5, 6.0] | 5.1 [4.5, 6.0] | 5.3 [4.2, 6.3] | 0.5691 |
| Dose of systolic hypotension (0-6 hrs) | 0.0 [0.0, 14.3] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 21.1 [14.3, 42.9] | |
| Maximum measured lactate (0-6 hrs) | 2.7 [1.5, 6.5] | 2.6 [1.4, 5.8] | 4.8 [1.9, 10.0] | 0.1221 |
| Minimum measured lactate (0-6 hrs) | 2.3 [1.4, 5.3] | 2.2 [1.3, 4.3] | 4.3 [1.7, 7.2] | 0.0421 |
| No medications (0-6 hrs) | 42 (29.6%) | 31 (31.0%) | 11 (26.2%) | 0.5672 |
| Vasoactive Agents (0-6 hrs) | 0.6312 | |||
| 0 | 53 (37.3%) | 39 (39.0%) | 14 (33.3%) | |
| 1 | 46 (32.4%) | 34 (34.0%) | 12 (28.6%) | |
| 2 | 35 (24.6%) | 22 (22.0%) | 13 (31.0%) | |
| 3 | 8 (5.6%) | 5 (5.0%) | 3 (7.1%) | |
| Milrinone (0-6 hrs) | 35 (24.6%) | 26 (26.0%) | 9 (21.4%) | 0.5642 |
| Steroids (0-6 hrs) | 28 (19.7%) | 17 (17.0%) | 11 (26.2%) | 0.2092 |
| Vasopressin (0-6 hrs) | 19 (13.4%) | 12 (12.0%) | 7 (16.7%) | 0.4562 |
| Survival to Hospital Discharge | 89 (62.7%) | 72 (72.0%) | 17 (40.5%) | <.0012 |
1
P-value is based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
2
Chi-squared test of no association.