Table 2.
Associations with survival to hospital discharge (non-ECMO subjects)
| Survival to Hospital Discharge |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 89) | No (N = 53) | P-value | Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)1 | Adjusted p-value | |
| Any systolic hypotension (0-6 hrs) | 17 (19.1%) | 25 (47.2%) | <.0012 | 0.26 (0.12, 0.56) | 0.34 (0.12, 0.93) | 0.035 |
| Age at Randomization (years) | 1.1 [0.3, 5.1] | 2.1 [0.6, 11.2] | 0.1523 | 0.96 (0.91, 1.02) | ||
| Sex | 0.5102 | |||||
| Male | 47 (52.8%) | 31 (58.5%) | Reference | |||
| Female | 42 (47.2%) | 22 (41.5%) | 1.26 (0.63, 2.50) | |||
| Any pre-existing condition | 78 (87.6%) | 49 (92.5%) | 0.3672 | 0.58 (0.17, 1.92) | ||
| Night or weekend arrest | 31 (34.8%) | 23 (43.4%) | 0.3092 | 0.70 (0.35, 1.40) | ||
| Initial cardiac arrest rhythm | 0.0312 | |||||
| Asystole | 3 (3.4%) | 10 (18.9%) | Reference | |||
| Bradycardia | 55 (61.8%) | 31 (58.5%) | 5.91 (1.51, 23.12) | |||
| Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) | 17 (19.1%) | 7 (13.2%) | 8.10 (1.70, 38.60) | |||
| Ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia | 10 (11.2%) | 3 (5.7%) | 11.11 (1.79, 68.89) | |||
| Unknown | 4 (4.5%) | 2 (3.8%) | 6.67 (0.79, 56.22) | |||
| Primary etiology of cardiac arrest | 0.8742 | |||||
| Cardiac | 44 (49.4%) | 23 (43.4%) | Reference | |||
| Respiratory | 37 (41.6%) | 24 (45.3%) | 0.81 (0.39, 1.66) | |||
| Other | 6 (6.7%) | 5 (9.4%) | 0.63 (0.17, 2.28) | |||
| Unknown | 2 (2.2%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1.05 (0.09, 12.15) | |||
| Septic shock with hypotension | 5 (5.6%) | 6 (11.3%) | 0.2192 | 0.47 (0.14, 1.61) | ||
| IV present at the time of arrest | 79 (88.8%) | 44 (83.0%) | 0.5362 | 1.80 (0.63, 5.12) | ||
| Intubated at the time of arrest | 47 (52.8%) | 29 (54.7%) | 0.9702 | 0.93 (0.47, 1.86) | ||
| Previous PICU admission during current hospitalization | 10 (11.2%) | 7 (13.2%) | 0.7262 | 0.83 (0.30, 2.33) | ||
| Open chest compressions performed | 9 (10.1%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.1722 | 2.87 (0.60, 13.81) | ||
| Duration of chest compressions | 8.0 [4.0, 17.0] | 10.0 [7.0, 23.0] | 0.0193 | 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) | ||
| Epinephrine Dosing Interval (min/dose)4 | 0.1242 | |||||
| No epinephrine recorded | 8 (9.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | Reference | |||
| < 3 min/dose | 30 (33.7%) | 15 (28.3%) | 0.25 (0.03, 2.19) | |||
| 3 - < 5 min/dose | 32 (36.0%) | 17 (32.1%) | 0.24 (0.03, 2.04) | |||
| 5 - < 8 min/dose | 11 (12.4%) | 14 (26.4%) | 0.10 (0.01, 0.91) | |||
| ≥ 8 min/dose | 7 (7.9%) | 6 (11.3%) | 0.15 (0.01, 1.53) | |||
| Unknown | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | Reference | |||
| Treatment Received | 0.4102 | |||||
| Hypothermia | 50 (56.2%) | 26 (49.1%) | Reference | |||
| Normothermia | 39 (43.8%) | 27 (50.9%) | 0.75 (0.38, 1.49) | |||
| Time between ROSC/ROC and treatment initiation (hours) | 5.0 [4.3, 5.9] | 5.6 [4.8, 6.3] | 0.0113 | 0.69 (0.51, 0.92) | 0.56 (0.35, 0.88) | 0.013 |
| Maximum measured lactate (0-6 hrs)5 | 2.3 [1.3, 5.4] | 5.4 [2.1, 11.7] | <.0013 | 0.88 (0.81, 0.95) | ||
| Minimum measured lactate (0-6 hrs)5 | 2.0 [1.1, 3.5] | 4.3 [2.0, 6.4] | <.0013 | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.95) | 0.006 |
| No medications (0-6 hrs) | 30 (33.7%) | 12 (22.6%) | 0.1622 | 1.74 (0.80, 3.79) | ||
| Vasoactive Agents (0-6 hrs) | <.0012 | 0.008 | ||||
| 0 | 38 (42.7%) | 15 (28.3%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1 | 35 (39.3%) | 11 (20.8%) | 1.26 (0.51, 3.10) | 3.00 (0.83, 10.88) | ||
| 2 | 12 (13.5%) | 23 (43.4%) | 0.21 (0.08, 0.52) | 0.32 (0.10, 1.04) | ||
| 3 | 4 (4.5%) | 4 (7.5%) | 0.39 (0.09, 1.79) | 6.16 (0.09, 437.66) | ||
| Milrinone (0-6 hrs) | 19 (21.3%) | 16 (30.2%) | 0.2372 | 0.63 (0.29, 1.36) | 0.28 (0.08, 1.02) | 0.054 |
| Steroids (0-6 hrs) | 10 (11.2%) | 18 (34.0%) | <.0012 | 0.25 (0.10, 0.59) | 0.18 (0.05, 0.62) | 0.006 |
| Vasopressin (0-6 hrs) | 6 (6.7%) | 13 (24.5%) | 0.0032 | 0.22 (0.08, 0.63) | ||
1
All variables considered for entry into logistic regression model using forward stepwise selection. Model is based on the 119 records with all variables non-missing.
2
Chi-squared test of no association.
3
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test.
4
P-value and model based on the 141 records where epinephrine dosing interval and survival are non-missing.
5
P-value and model based on the 120 records where lactate and survival are non-missing.