Table 4.
Associations with survival to hospital discharge (ECMO Subjects)
| Survival to Hospital Discharge |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 73) | No (N = 84) | P-value | Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)1 | Adjusted p-value | |
| Any MAP hypotension (0-6 hrs) | 7 (9.6%) | 16 (19.0%) | 0.1152 | 0.45 (0.17, 1.17) | 0.60 (0.22, 1.63) | 0.317 |
| Age at Randomization (years) | 0.4 [0.1, 2.1] | 1.2 [0.1, 6.2] | 0.1013 | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) | ||
| Sex | 0.8702 | |||||
| Male | 46 (63.0%) | 54 (64.3%) | Reference | |||
| Female | 27 (37.0%) | 30 (35.7%) | 1.06 (0.55, 2.03) | |||
| Any pre-existing condition | 67 (91.8%) | 76 (90.5%) | 1.0002 | 1.18 (0.39, 3.56) | ||
| Night or weekend arrest | 33 (45.2%) | 38 (45.2%) | 1.0002 | 1.00 (0.53, 1.88) | ||
| Initial cardiac arrest rhythm | 0.0222 | |||||
| Asystole | 1 (1.4%) | 6 (7.1%) | Reference | |||
| Bradycardia | 39 (53.4%) | 50 (59.5%) | 4.68 (0.54, 40.50) | |||
| Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) | 21 (28.8%) | 16 (19.0%) | 7.88 (0.86, 72.12) | |||
| Ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia | 12 (16.4%) | 7 (8.3%) | 10.29 (1.02, 103.95) | |||
| Unknown | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (6.0%) | <0.01 (<0.01, >999.99) | |||
| Primary etiology of cardiac arrest | 1.0002 | |||||
| Cardiac | 56 (76.7%) | 63 (75.0%) | Reference | |||
| Respiratory | 16 (21.9%) | 18 (21.4%) | 1.00 (0.47, 2.15) | |||
| Other | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | <0.01 (<0.01, >999.99) | |||
| Unknown | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0.56 (0.05, 6.37) | |||
| Septic shock with hypotension | 7 (9.6%) | 8 (9.5%) | 1.0002 | 1.01 (0.35, 2.93) | ||
| IV present at the time of arrest | 71 (97.3%) | 78 (92.9%) | 0.2862 | 2.73 (0.53, 13.97) | ||
| Intubated at the time of arrest | 52 (71.2%) | 64 (76.2%) | 0.5852 | 0.77 (0.38, 1.58) | ||
| Previous PICU admission during current hospitalization | 17 (23.3%) | 21 (25.0%) | 0.8532 | 0.91 (0.44, 1.90) | ||
| Open chest compressions performed | 21 (28.8%) | 12 (14.3%) | 0.0312 | 2.42 (1.10, 5.36) | ||
| Duration of chest compressions | 36.0 [15.0, 52.0] | 38.5 [19.5, 61.5] | 0.2173 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | ||
| Epinephrine Dosing Interval (min/dose) | 0.7582 | |||||
| No epinephrine recorded | 3 (4.1%) | 3 (3.6%) | Reference | |||
| < 3 min/dose | 10 (13.7%) | 16 (19.0%) | 0.63 (0.10, 3.72) | |||
| 3 - < 5 min/dose | 17 (23.3%) | 14 (16.7%) | 1.21 (0.21, 6.99) | |||
| 5 - < 8 min/dose | 17 (23.3%) | 23 (27.4%) | 0.74 (0.13, 4.12) | |||
| ≥ 8 min/dose | 26 (35.6%) | 28 (33.3%) | 0.93 (0.17, 5.02) | |||
| Treatment Received | 0.7492 | |||||
| Hypothermia | 33 (45.2%) | 41 (48.8%) | Reference | |||
| Normothermia | 40 (54.8%) | 43 (51.2%) | 1.16 (0.62, 2.17) | |||
| Time between ROSC/ROC and treatment initiation (hours) | 4.4 [3.5, 5.3] | 4.6 [3.7, 5.6] | 0.4333 | 0.89 (0.71, 1.12) | ||
| Maximum measured lactate (0-6 hrs)4 | 5.4 [3.5, 8.3] | 7.3 [3.9, 14.8] | 0.0683 | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) | ||
| Minimum measured lactate (0-6 hrs)4 | 3.4 [2.4, 5.6] | 5.7 [3.0, 12.4] | 0.0033 | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.84, 0.98) | 0.009 |
| No medications (0-6 hrs) | 31 (42.5%) | 28 (33.3%) | 0.2522 | 1.48 (0.77, 2.82) | ||
| Vasoactive Agents (0-6 hrs) | 0.9802 | |||||
| 0 | 40 (54.8%) | 43 (51.2%) | Reference | |||
| 1 | 19 (26.0%) | 24 (28.6%) | 0.85 (0.41, 1.78) | |||
| 2 | 13 (17.8%) | 14 (16.7%) | 1.00 (0.42, 2.38) | |||
| 3 | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0.54 (0.05, 6.16) | |||
| 4 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | <0.01 (<0.01, >999.99) | |||
| Milrinone (0-6 hrs) | 18 (24.7%) | 26 (31.0%) | 0.4762 | 0.73 (0.36, 1.48) | ||
| Steroids (0-6 hrs) | 11 (15.1%) | 16 (19.0%) | 0.5332 | 0.75 (0.33, 1.75) | ||
| Vasopressin (0-6 hrs) | 7 (9.6%) | 9 (10.7%) | 1.0002 | 0.88 (0.31, 2.50) | ||
1
All variables considered for entry into logistic regression model using forward stepwise selection. Model is based on the 138 records with all variables non-missing.
2
Fisher’s exact test.
3
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test.
4
P-value and model based on the 138 records where lactate and survival are non-missing.