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. 2019 Jul 23;9:10635. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46964-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The relative abundances of the bacterial genera mainly explaining the observed phylum level changes after perinatal antibiotic exposure: Bacteroides genus (A) for Bacteroidetes phylum, and Staphylococcus (B), Lactobacillus (C), and Clostridium (D) genera for Firmicutes phylum. The box-plots indicate the median value, interquartile range, and range in control group (NN), in IAP group (YN), in postnatal group (NY),and IAP + Postnatal group (YY). At selected time points, the differences between groups were compared with Kruskal-Wallis test and if P < 0.05 with post hoc tests.