Table 1.
Historical periods and archaeological site types considered in this study.
| Period | Year*a | Archaeological site type | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Settlement | Ironwork | Kiln | ||
| Jomon | ca. 12,000 BCE to ca. 300 BCE | ○ | ||
| Yayoi | ca. 900 BCE to ca. 300 | ○ | ||
| Kofun | ca. 300 to ca. 700 | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Antiquity*b | 592 to 1192 | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Feudal*c | 1192 to 1573 | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Early modern*d | 1573 to 1868 | ○ | ○ | ○ |
*aJomon, Yayoi, Kofun and Antiquity are defined by the types of archaeological remains, such as stone tools and pottery, and architectural styles, and their boundaries overlap.
*bConsisting of the Asuka, Nara and Heian periods.
*cConsisting of the Kamakura, Nanbokucho, Muromachi and Sengoku periods.
*dConsisting of the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods.