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. 2019 Jul 23;9:10681. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47128-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plasma jet generates reactive species in the gas phase. Main species detected by optical emission spectroscopy in the plasma gas phase at different gas flow rates (measured at 10 mm from the exit of the jet) (Left). Schematic illustration of the generation of PAM +/− Pyr with an APPJ. Parameters such as the gap between the plasma and the liquid surface (10 or 20 mm), or the gas flow (1, 3, 5 L/min) were investigated. DMEM was treated with APPJ to obtain PAM, which is then transferred onto cell cultures.