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. 2019 Jul 19;14:5503–5526. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S206899

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© 2019 Shahein et al.

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The cell cycle and apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry measurements after treating SW1088 cancer cells with core-shell nanoformulations and free TQ for 72 hrs compared without any treatments (control, only SW1088 cells).

Notes: Cell cycle arrest evaluations in SW1088 investigated by means of by propidium iodide staining (A–D). Apoptosis evaluation in SW1088 cells was done through Annexin-V/FITC staining (E–H). The cells treated with IC50 concentrations.

Abbreviations: MSNTQ, MSNs loaded with TQ as core; MSNTQ-CS, MSNTQ coated with the shell consists of chitosan and stearic acid; MSNTQ-WA, MSNTQ coated with the shell consists of whey protein and gum Arabic; TQ, thymoquinone; SW1088, human astrocytoma brain cancer cells; A172, human glioma cells; HCN2, human cortical neuronal cells-2 employed as normal cells; IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration; EAPO, early apoptosis; LAPO, late apoptosis; NC, necrosis; SD, standard deviation.