Table 2.

Between-subject variability for multiparametric MRI measures in healthy participants.

Parameter		Sex Group		P	Age Group		P	Mean/Total
		female	male		age <40	age ≥40
RCT (cm)	Axial	0.458 ± 0.041	0.488 ± 0.040	0.044§	0.481 ± 0.48	0.461 ± 0.33	0.191	0.473 ± 0.0428
	coronal	0.525 ± 0.028	0.571 ± 0.037	<0.001§	0.558 ± 0.04	0.533 ± 0.03	0.085	0.547 ± 0.040※
PT (cm)	Axial	1.436 ± 0.077	1.485 ± 0.055	0.045§	1.482 ± 0.06	1.43 ± 0.07	0.035§	1.46 ± 0.071
	coronal	1.687 ± 0.066	1.713 ± 0.065	0.268	1.726 ± 0.06	1.664 ± 0.06	0.006§	1.699 ± 0.07※
CPR	Axial	0.321 ± 0.022	0.331 ± 0.023	0.229	0.327 ± 0.024	0.325 ± 0.021	0.869	0.326 ± 0.02
	coronal	0.312 ± 0.009	0.334 ± 0.018	<0.001§	0.323 ± 0.02	0.321 ± 0.015	0.73	0.323 ± 0.02
RCT (cm)	Average	0.492 ± 0.032	0.529 ± 0.034	0.003§	0.519 ± 0.04	0.498 ± 0.03	0.1	0.510 ± 0.04
PT (cm)		1.562 ± 0.062	1.599 ± 0.053	0.074	1.604 ± 0.05	1.547 ± 0.06	0.005§	1.580 ± 0.05
CPR		0.317 ± 0.013	0.332 ± 0.018	0.007§	0.325 ± 0.02	0.323 ± 0.01	0.765	0.324 ± 0.02
Average RCT/BMI		0.023 ± 0.003	0.024 ± 0.003	0.253	0.024 ± 0.003	0.023 ± 0.003	0.124	0.024 ± 0.003
Average PT/BMI		0.073 ± 0.007	0.073 ± 0.007	0.966	0.075 ± 0.007	0.071 ± 0.007	0.065	0.073 ± 0.007
R2* (s−1)	cortex	17.62 ± 0.84	18.34 ± 0.90	0.024§	17.53 ± 0.58	18.57 ± 0.99	0.001§	17.97 ± 0.93
	medulla	36.33 ± 2.81	38.09 ± 2.54	0.069	36.45 ± 2.47	38.18 ± 2.96	0.077	37.18 ± 2.78#
ADC (x 10−3 mm2/s)	cortex	2.212 ± 0.16	2.229 ± 0.096	0.712	2.204 ± 0.17	2.243 ± 0.067	0.406	2.220 ± 0.13
	medulla	2.012 ± 0.14	2.019 ± 0.11	0.873	2.047 ± 0.14	1.974 ± 0.11	0.113	2.016 ± 0.13#
FA	cortex	0.203 ± 0.02	0.212 ± 0.019	0.171	0.210 ± 0.02	0.204 ± 0.02	0.421	0.207 ± 0.02
	medulla	0.359 ± 0.03	0.360 ± 0.04	0.909	0.371 ± 0.03	0.343 ± 0.03	0.016§	0.359 ± 0.03#

RCT: Renal cortical thickness; PT: Parenchymal thickness; CPR: Ratio of cortex to parenchyma; BMI: Body mass index.

^§p < 0.05.

^※<0.001 compared to the axial by independent sample t-test.

^#<0.001 compared to the cortex by independent sample t-test.