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. 2019 Jul 23;9:10689. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47069-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tat.AG and HIV-1 CRF02_AG, but not Tat.B or clade-B viruses, induced NMT1 expression in primary human monocytes and MDM. (A–D) Exposure of human monocytes (A,C) and MDM (B,D) to Tat.AG induced a dose-dependent (A,B) and time-dependent (C,D) increase in NMT1 expression and secretion. (A,B) cells exposed to Tat proteins for 24 h; (C,D) Tat proteins used at 100 ng/ml. (E–H) Exposure of human monocytes (E,F) and MDM (G,H) to HIV-1 CRF02_AG isolates induced a time-dependent increase in NMT1 expression and secretion. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ^#P < 0.0001. P-values are in comparison to HI-Tat or Tat.B (A–D), or clade-B viruses (E–H).