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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Phys Chem Lett. 2018 Jun 6;9(12):3315–3322. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01062

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1.

Animal rhodopsin isomerization. A. -C11-C12- double-bond isomerization in bovine rhodopsin. B. Schematic representation of the ES and GS energy profiles controlling the ultrafast photoisomerization of bovine rhodopsin. The critical properties relevant to the present work are indicated in red.