Figure 2.

Adaptive scores and genomic offset in climate-related SNPs among landraces of maize accessions in Mexico. (a) Distribution of adaptive scores for accessions of 46 maize landraces in Mexico estimated from the climate-SNP models for the two teosinte species under the climate change model CCSM_2050_RCP4.5. Circle size is proportional to the estimated adaptive scores, with white circles representing accessions with the low adaptive scores. (b) Known geographical occurrences for the 46 maize landraces in Mexico coloured by the mean annual temperature. Black stars represent accessions for landraces with high adaptive scores that have been used for maize improvement and white circles represent accessions for restricted landraces with low adaptive potential. (c–e) Association of adaptive scores versus the geographical range size, mean annual temperature, and genomic offset estimated for 46 maize landraces. Regression coefficients for range size: β = 0.02, F = 1.1, d.f. = 45, p = 0.31; for temperature: β = 0.01, F = 17.7, d.f. = 45, p < 0.001, R² = 0.27; for genomic offset: β = −3.31, F = 3.76, d.f. = 45, p = 0.06. ‘Conico Norteño’ (CN), ‘Ratón’ (R), ‘Tabloncillo’ (Ta), ‘Tabloncillo Perla’ (TaP), ‘Tuxpeño’ (Tx), ‘Tuxpeño Norteño’ (TxN), ‘Vandeño’ (V), ‘Zapolote Chico’ (ZC), ‘Arrocillo’ (A), ‘Bofo’ (B), ‘Cristalino de Chihuahua’ (CC), ‘Palomero Toluqueño’ (PT), and ‘Tehua’ (Te). (Online version in colour.)