(a) Peptide assembly by classical nucleation. Monomers aggregate directly into structured assemblies and only assemblies above a critical size are propagated. (b) Peptide assembly by non-classical, two-step nucleation. Monomers first undergo liquid-liquid phase separation to form oligomeric particles, which then transition into structured assemblies. Reprinted with permission from Hsieh, M. C.; Lynn, D. G.; Grover, M. A. Kinetic Model for Two-Step Nucleation of Peptide Assembly. J. Phys. Chem. B
2017,
121, 7401–7411. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society.