Table 3.
Examples of diseases associated with amyloids and prions
| Disease | Heritability | Cells affected | Outcome | Protein(s) involved | Protein localization |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer disease | Sporadic, rarely heritable | Neurons | Fatal | Aβ, tau | Extra-(Aβ) or intracellular (tau) |
| Parkinson disease | Sporadic, sometimes heritable | Neurons | Motor disfunction | α-synuclein | Intracellular |
| Huntington disease | Heritable | Neurons | Fatal | Huntingtin | Intracellular |
| TSE (prion diseases) | Infectious, sporadic or heritable | Neurons | Fatal | Prion protein (PrP) | Extracellular |
| Type II diabetes | Usually sporadic | β-cells (pancreas) | Defect in glucose signaling | Amylin (IAPP) | Extracellular |
| ATTR amyloidosis | Heritable or sporadic | Myocytes, neurons | Cardiomyopathy, polyneuropathy | Transthyretin (TTR) | Extracellular |