Figure 2.

Schema of decoded neurofeedback. The participant, in the scanner, is instructed to “somehow” regulate their brain activities so that the feedback is maximized. Then, “somehow” manipulated brain activity pattern are processed as a fMRI signal and compared with target brain activity pattern. Finally, the participants are presented with a disk whose size is in proportion to the likelihood, which is also in proportion to the amount of reward the participant will gain from that trial. This cycle is then repeated. The figure is adopted from Yamada et al. (2017), with no permission required.