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. 2019 Jul 3;16(13):2354. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132354

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Expected number of (a) supermarkets; (b) small grocery stores; (c) convenience stores; (d) pharmacies per census tract by income group. Year-by-year differences: Supermarkets: No differences were observed. Small grocery stores: In 2014 medium-income tracts had a significantly higher number of small grocery stores than did lower- and higher-income tracts. In 2015 small grocery stores were more prevalent in lower income tracts than they were in higher income tracts. Convenience stores: In 2009 and 2013 low-income and medium-income tracts had significantly more convenience stores than did higher-income tracts. Pharmacies: Lower-income tracts had significantly more pharmacies than medium-income tracts in 2015 and 2017. ↓: indicates a declining linear trend over time; ↑: indicates an increasing linear trend over time.

Expected number of (a) supermarkets; (b) small grocery stores; (c) convenience stores; (d) pharmacies per census tract by income group. Year-by-year differences: Supermarkets: No differences were observed. Small grocery stores: In 2014 medium-income tracts had a significantly higher number of small grocery stores than did lower- and higher-income tracts. In 2015 small grocery stores were more prevalent in lower income tracts than they were in higher income tracts. Convenience stores: In 2009 and 2013 low-income and medium-income tracts had significantly more convenience stores than did higher-income tracts. Pharmacies: Lower-income tracts had significantly more pharmacies than medium-income tracts in 2015 and 2017. ↓: indicates a declining linear trend over time; ↑: indicates an increasing linear trend over time.